Lifestyle related health matters are among grave challenges to society which are prevalent due to sedentary contemporary habits and poor dietary patterns. Nutritional and health augmenting facets of Stevia rebaudiana as intense natural sweetener have been studied in different parts of world. Current research was designed to enlighten biochemical, nutritional and end use perspectives of well adapted and cultivated indigenous Stevia. Results of this study have established that the chemical attributes include carbohydrates, crude protein, fat, fiber and mineral content. Functional attributes have been well observed with slightly acidic to neutral pH 6.14, exhibits good swelling power, WHC, OHC, Bulk density. K, P, Mg, Na, Fe are found in maximum amount coinciding their ADI. Saturated, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids like Palmitic, Palmitoleic, Stearic, Linoleic, Linolenic and Oleic have been identified in appreciable quantities like 28.31%, 2.17%, 2.39%, 13.65%, 25.48 and 4.95% respectively. Steviosides structure and functional groups determination was done by FTIR and concluded alcohols, alkanes, ketones, amines, esters, carboxylic acids, alkenes, hydroxyl groups as the major functional groups in raw powder and water extracts of Stevia. Appreciable amount of phytochemicals extracted from different solvents exhibited total phenolic and content ranging 24.24±0.48 to 38.22±0.05mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content as 19.88±0.11 to 32.10±0.54 mg CE/g respectively. The antioxidant activity of Stevia is expressed by DPPH (42.41±1.05 to 57.99±1.49% inhibition) and FRAP assay (236.57±1.37 to 345.36±3.27µMol Fe2+/g) respectively. Extracts from water, ethanol, methanol and supercritical were characterized for Steviosides/SGs and found to be in appreciable quantities as Stevioside (665.34±27.27 to 1107.95±50.96 mg/kg), Rebaudioside A (383.38±17.25 to 792.15±38.02 mg/kg) and Steviol (357.26±14.64 to 485.25±22.32 mg/kg). Stevia cookies were prepared by replacing sucrose with Stevia powder (10, 20, 30%), water extract (1, 2, 3%) and supercritical extract (1, 2, 3%). Overall acceptability was good in 10% powder treatments, 3% water and supercritical extracts. Bio efficacy rats modeling trials were done in order to check their impact against hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia disorders. Blood glucose level was reduced from 4.54 to 7.00% due to diets enriched with stevia powder and extracts as compared to control. Moreover, increase in insulin level was observed as 4.27 to 6.13 as compared to control. In hypercholesterolemic rats, up surged cholesterol level was reportedly reduced as a function of Stevia powder and extracts from 1.28 to 5.47%. Substantial increment in HDL, reduction in LDL and triglycerides was recorded in Stevia leaves powder and extracts treatments as 2.79-6.66%, 2.68-4.16% and 3.12-5.36 correspondingly. Therefore it can be deduced from the outcomes that in addition to sweetness, Stevia possess a lot to provide for health betterment. Conclusively, Stevia based products are recommended for health sustenance and controlling the metabolic disorder.
پاکستانی معاشرے میں حدود وقصاص قوانین سے واقفیت اور ان پر عمل درآمد کے حوالے سے عوامی شعور کی کمی ہے، جس کی وجہ سے لوگ ان قوانین کے نفاذ کے لیے جدوجہد نہیں کرتے ہیں اور نہ گرم جوشی کا مظاہرہ کرتے ہیں۔ صحیح معنوں میں لوگ شریعت کی روح سے واقفیت رکھتے ہی نہیں۔ وہ اسلام کو صرف عبادات اور اخلاقیات کا مجموعہ سمجھتے ہیں ۔ اسلام تو حقوق اللہ اور حقوق العباد دونوں کا مجموعہ ہے ۔ عبادت سے تو صرف جنت ملتی ہے اور خدمت سے خدا ملتا ہے ۔ اس فلسفہ سے آگاہی ہر شخص کو نہیں۔ لہذا اس امر کی ضرورت ہے کہ عوام الناس میں اسلامی معاشرے کی اخلاقی اقدار کے تحفظ ، انسانیت کی خدمت کا جذبہ بیدار کیا جائے ، تاکہ اسلامی قوانین کے نفاذ میں کوئی رکاوٹ پیدا نہ ہو۔
"Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ" has a sound rank among the Hadith collections. Its importance can be gauged from the fact that it has been described and summarized by several scholars. The works of Sheikh Abdul Haq Muḥaddith Dehlavi over that is a great contribution and have a special place in the context of his Hadith services. He is one of the prominent muhaddithin of the Subcontinent. He was pioneer in teaching and disseminating Hadith knowledge in the subcontinent. Firstly, he described the Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ in the Persian language of that time, which gained immense popularity among the people and increased the taste for understanding Hadith. Secondly, He accumulated a treasure trove of mysteries and secrets in Arabic for the use of Researchers. The name of the Persian commentary is Ash‘atul Lam‘āt while the Arabic commentary is called Lam‘āt al-Tanqīh. They are more than one in usefulness, which has created a taste for reading and understanding Hadith among the people and Researchers. In the said article, an introduction and methodological study of the work done by Sheikh Abdul Haq on Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ will be presented.
This thesis is concerned with the problem of tumor extraction and classification. The process of tumor detection and classification is a complex and time consuming task since it requires a careful assessment of medical images. In the effort to produce more efficient and accurate results, image analysis techniques are frequently being used. Therefore, developing a system which could accurately segment the tumor affected regions and categorize the tumors in different classes is very important. It is of benefit to develop a computer system which assists radiologists and also reduces the subjectivity and human errors involved in the diagnosis. The aim was to develop reliable methods that contribute towards accurate extraction and classification of tumor from medical images. This thesis contributes in all major steps of a computer aided system i.e. image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In image pre-processing, two image fusion techniques for multi-modal medical images based on local features and fuzzy logic are presented. In first scheme, local entropy and variance are used to calculate the information in images. The scheme assigns weights to pixels depending upon the amount of information. The main advantage of the proposed fuzzy logic based image fusion scheme is improvement in fused results. The second scheme uses undecimated wavelet, local features, improved guided filter and weighted maps. This scheme offers less spectral distortion and produce better spatial information than the existing techniques. In image segmentation, two segmentation schemes based on weighted fuzzy active contour are presented. vi In these techniques, weights have been assigned in proportion to the information provided by local features, two fuzzy systems (Mamdani inference and Takagi-Sugeno inference) based systems are used for assigning weights. A method is presented for feature extraction and classification by using texture features, invariant moments and perception based features. Optimal feature combination using fuzzy weights and classification using multi-class support vector machines is performed. Simulation results when analyzed visually and quantitatively depict the significance of the proposed schemes compared to existing schemes. The results of all the proposed image fusion schemes are demonstrated through examples of medical images and results of test against conventional schemes