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Bioconversion of Cellulosic Materials by the Action of Microbial Cellulases

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1998

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3468/1/1410.PDF

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676725599837

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I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

73:01
a. O Al-Muzzammil!
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73:02
a. Stay up in worshipful meditation through the late nighttime,
b. except for a little while,

73:03
a. - half of it,
b. or a little less than that, up to a third,

73:04
a. or even a little more, up to two-thirds.
b. And recite The Qur’an in a slow and distinct recitation.

73:05
a. Indeed, soon WE are going to entrust a heavy burden on you - awe-inspiring –
b. - The Qur’an.

73:06
a. Surely, the getting up by late nighttime for worshipful meditation is very demanding,
b. yet very rewarding for subduing one’s soul, and
c. making recitation more effective -

73:07
a. - for, indeed, during the daytime you have extended schedule of engagements.

73:08
a. But recite The Sacred Name of your Rabb - The Lord,
b. and devote yourself to HIM exclusively in wholesome devotion.

73:09
a. HE is Rabb - The Lord of the east and the west.
b. There is no worshipful entity except HIM.
c. So take HIM as your Guardian and Guarantor.

688 Surah 73 * Al-Muzzammil

73:10
a. And bear with patience over what they allege against you and your Divine Mission,
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73:11
a. And leave it to ME to deal with the beliers and deniers who have been given the good...

Kamal Ahmad Rizvi as a Dramatist

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Teachers need to have Instructional Materials (IMs) to understand the curriculum and to translate the curriculum into students' learning outcomes. In the absence of IMs textbook remain the only source of support for the teachers and the purpose and goals of learning science is not achieved completely. Hence, it was important to explore the qualities of effective IMs to understand and recommend aspects that may enhance the quality and development of IMs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the science professionals' perceptions of effective IMs. Qualitative case study design was used to explore the topic. Ten participants including teachers, teacher educators and material developers were taken as research participants based on their experience of teaching, developing instructional materials, conducting courses for teachers and involvement in the process of IMs. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews from six science teachers, two teacher educators and two instructional material developers. Roberts's curriculum emphasis with a little modification based on the purpose and context of the study was used as a framework to guide the study with regard to data collection and analysis. The modified framework included the Roberts curriculum emphasis, and the nature of science, attitude of science and the organization of the material. Findings of the study revealed that the IMs will be effective if they contain the nature of science, solid foundation and structure of science. Moreover, effective IMs were found to be those which allowed teachers and students to present their personal experiences and explanations without confining them to certain pre-determined contents. It was also found that the IM may contain the elements of science and technology and everyday life application, in order to develop students' curiosity and attitude towards science. Such attitudes could be developed through interactive ways of teaching where students are actively involved in classroom activities. When the students get involved in the classroom activities, they can also relate science to their daily life and the events in the society. The study implied that teachers and teacher educators need to incorporate curriculum emphasis and nature of science to develop a positive attitude towards science. Moreover, this study is significant for the policy reforms as it highlights the qualities of effective IMs and its need in the context of Pakistan. Through this study, I have also developed a tool and a quantitative study is recommended to be conducted using these tools which contain various