Rove beetles belong to the largest family (Staphylinidae) of beetles in the order Coleoptera of the Class Insecta. Because of their cosmopolitan distribution with broad latitudinal ranges, they are known to play important role as pollinators, decomposers and scavengers. The studies on their biodiversity including the species richness, distribution pattern and seasonal abundance were unknown with respect to their role in ecological system in Punjab, Pakistan. The present study is therefore, being carried out to study the biodiversity of Staphylinidae in different ecological regions of Punjab. For this purpose, collection was made from cropped area (8 localities) and forest area (3 localities) of the Punjab, Pakistan with 5 different collecting methods; pitfall trapping, flight intercept trapping, light trapping, Berlese funnel trapping and sweep netting during 2008 and 2009. Population was collected for four days after every two months from each locality during the entire collection period. Relative humidity (%), temperature (C O ) and soil moisture contents (%) were also recorded for all the localities. In the cropped areas, 1083 specimens belonging to 5 subfamilies, 15 genera and 26 species were collected and identified. Paederus fuscipes Curt. was the species with the highest population (32%) overall while Tachyporus himalyicus Bernh. was with lowest population (0.4%). It was found that some species preferred some crops, e.g., Paederus fuscipes was found only in cropped areas preferably in maize and berseem crops and Oxytellus Gr. genus was found mostly in plant and leaf debris. Astilbus mixtus Cam. was found associated with termites in the sandy areas only. High Shannon weaver index value (2.572) was found from Rahim Yar Khan and lowest value (1.82) was found from Rawalpindi during 2008. In the forest areas, mostly species were collected from Changa Manga (46.67%) during 2008 and from Muridwala (38.33%) during 2009. Some species were found missing in the forest areas like Paederus fuscipes, Astilbus mixtus etc. Association between collecting methods and localities was also determined. This association was found positive only for locality 1 (Lahore). No association was found between years and localities. Most Staphylinidae were collected through pit fall traps and least was found with FIT’S. Most Staphylinidae were collected during July-August. There was also a positive correlation between relative humidity, soil moisture contents and rove beetles. Dry soils had less rove beetles as compared to the moist soils. If the soil moisture contents will be more, there will be no space for air between the soil particles then the rove beetles will be less because of mortality due to suffocation. On the basis of coefficients of association calculated from different biotic (crops and other insects) and abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture contents) that were faced by the collected species, the specimens belonging to different Staphylinidae species have been arranged into five groups with five species treated as separate on the basis of their habitat, locality, abundance and their status.
مولانا امتیاز علی خاں عرشی سخت افسوس ہے گذشتہ ماہ فروری کی۲۵/تاریخ کومولانا امتیاز علی خاں عرشی بھی ۷۷برس کی عمر میں اپنے وطن رامپور میں داعیٔ اجل کولبیک کہہ کراس عالم فانی سے رخصت ہوگئے۔اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مرحوم کی شہرت کاآغاز اوّل اوّل غالبیات کے ماہرکی حیثیت سے ہوا،انھوں نے غالب کے دیوان اور خطوط پرجوتحقیقی مقالات لکھے،انھوں نے اردو زبان وادب کے حلقہ میں دھوم مچادی۔ وہ بیک وقت عربی، فارسی اوراردو تینوں زبانوں اوران کے ادب کے نامور مبصرومحقق تھے۔ وہ رامپور میں۱۹۰۴ء میں پیداہوئے۔رامپور پٹھانوں کی مشہور بستی ہے جو افغانستان کے مختلف قبیلوں سے منسوب ہیں۔ مرحوم کاخاندانی تعلق حاجی خیل قبیلہ سے تھا جویوسف زئی قبیلہ کی ایک شاخ ہے، ابتدائی تعلیم مطلع العلوم نامی ایک مقامی مدرسہ میں پائی۔اسی زمانہ میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے عالم کاامتحان پاس کیا۔پھر اورینٹل کالج لاہور میں داخلہ لے کر اولاً مولوی فاضل کااوراس کے بعد منشی فاضل کاامتحان پرئیویٹ طورپر دیا اوردونوں امتحانوں میں درجہ اوّل میں کامیاب ہوئے۔ رامپور واپس آکر مدرسۂ عالیہ کی اونچی کلاس میں داخل ہوئے اور اس سے سند فراغ لی۔تعلیم سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد چند دنوں ندوۃ العلماء کے سفیر رہے، اس سے بیزار ہوکر مستعفی ہوئے توتجارت کرنے لگے، ناتجربہ کاری کے باعث اس میں گھاٹاہوا تو دامن جھاڑ کراس سے بھی الگ ہوگئے۔ آخر۱۹۳۲ء میں رامپور کے مشہور زمانہ کتب خانہ جوتقسیم کے بعد سے رضا اسٹیٹ لائبریری کہلاتا ہے اس سے بحیثیت ناظم کے وابستہ ہوئے۔ کتب خانہ کے ساتھ ان کی یہ وابستگی زندگی کے آخری سانس یعنی کم و بیش نصف صدی تک باقی رہی۔اس مدت میں انھوں نے کتب خانہ کی کیسی عظیم الشان خدمات انجام دی ہیں۔اس کااندازہ اس سے ہوسکتا ہے کہ ملازمت سے سبکدوشی کے عام قانون سے مستثنیٰ کرکے گورنمنٹ نے آرڈر دے دیا ہے کہ...
The research explores the factors affecting employees' job motivation in small and medium enterprises in Dong Nai province from June 2019 to June 2020. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there are five factors including the following elements: relationships in the organization; interesting job; Salary, bonus, and benefits; Training and promotion and assessment of job performance affects the working motivation of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in Dong Nai province with the significance of 5%. In addBesidesstudy results were processed from SPSS 20.0, Amos software. Estimated parameters of the model by the least least-squared with a significance level of 1%. The results are also significant scientific evidence for researchers and policymakers at small and medium enterprises in Dong Nai province to apply research results to human resource development in the future. Based on the five-factor test results, the author proposed the priority governance implications that the author suggested in order of priority, respectively, interesting work, performance evaluation, organization, salary, bonus and welfare regime, and training and promotion.
Inequalities play an important role in almost all branches of mathematics as well as in other areas of science. Books by Hardy, Littlewood and P ́lya appeared in 1934 o [50], Beckenbach and Bellman published in 1961 [27] and by Mitrinovi ́ published c in 1970 [59] made significant contributions to the field of inequalities and provides motivations, ideas, techniques and applications. Since 1934 a huge amount of effort has been devoted to the discovery of new types of inequalities and to the applications of inequalities in many parts of analysis. The usefulness of mathematical inequali- ties is felt from the very beginning and is now widely acknowledged as one of the major driving forces behind the development of modern real analysis. The theory of inequalities is in a process of continuous development state and inequalities have become very effective and powerful tools for studying a wide range of problems in var- ious branches of mathematics. This theory in recent years has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers, stimulated new research directions and influenced various aspects of mathematical analysis and applications. Among the many types of inequalities, those associated with the names of Jensen, Hadamard, Hilbert, Hardy, Opial, Poincare, Sobolev, Levin and Lyapunov have deep roots and made a great impact on various branches of mathematics. The last few decades have witnessed important advances related to these inequalities that remain active areas of research and have grown into substantial fields of research with many important applications. The present monograph provides a systematic study of some of the most famous and fundamental inequalities. There is no doubt that convex functions play an im- portant role in the theory of inequalities. Many important inequalities are the con- sequences of the applications of convex functions. For example Jensen’s inequality Hadamard’s inequality for convex functions provided a good start in the development of the theory of inequalities. Some other important classes of functions are based on the definition of convex functions. Sometime it turns out to be more convenient to replace convex function with starshaped function. A convex function passing through the origin is starshaped. It is very interesting to note that now Jensen’s, Hadamard’s and many other inequalities have their generalizations, refinements, improvements by using as tool a class of functions which are more than convex functions. This is class of superquadratic functions introduced by S. Abramovich, G. Jameson and G. Sinnamon. In the first Chapter we give basic notions and results briefly to provide the moti- vation and make the monograph friendly readable. In Chapter 2 we give refinements of the inequalities of Acz ́l, Popoviciu and Bell- e man and some results related to power sums. We also consider divergence measures, J-divergence, K-divergence and results related to these measures are proved. In Chapter 3 we give results related to Hadamard’s and Jensen’s inequalities for superquadratic functions. Then we give generalizations and improvements of these results by using converse Jensen’s inequality for superquadratic functions. Also we consider refinement of Hardy’s inequality and prove analogue results. In the last Chapter we consider an Opial type integral inequality for a particu- lar class of convex functions. We prepare results to give applications to fractional derivatives.