The present study was carried out to investigate floristic diversity, ethnobotanical profile and conservation status of important plant species of Kaghan Valley. The Valley is situated in the Northern Pakistan. It is 161 km long scenic wonderland with its towering Himalayan peaks, peaceful lakes, majestic glaciers and splashing water falls. The people are mostly poor, illiterate and are very much dependent upon plant resources. During the study 6 species of Bryophytes (6 families), 53 species of Pteridophytes (9 families), 12 species of Gymnosperms (4 families), and 775 species of Angiosperms (108 families), were collected, preserved and presented as checklist. The people of Kaghan Valley utilize 108 plant species as medicinal plants. Majority of these medicinal plants are used for multiple purposes. These include 91 species of Dicots, 09 species of Monocots, 06 species of Gymnosperms and 02 species of Pteridophytes. Among these ethnobotanically important plants, 27.77 % were found at risk regarding their conservation status. 2.77% were found critically endangered, 12.96 % endangered, 9.25 % vulnerable and 2.77 % near threatened. Seeds of 5 medicinal plants, i.e, Colchicum luteum, Hyoscymus niger, Aconitum heterophyllum, Geranium wallichii and Paeonia emodii, were collected from the wild and deposited at Forest Nursery Besian near Balakot as an ex-situ conservation effort. Medicinal plants and edible mushrooms are produced in bulk in Kaghan Valley and are considered as a fair source of income generation for local communities. Beside these, potatoes, peas, beans, maize, walnut and apple also yields good return. The floristic diversity of Kaghan Valley is threatened by the effects of natural and human impacts. Natural causes are hailstorm, drought, snowfall, thunderstorm and earthquake. Among the human causes, fuel wood consumption, illicit cutting for timber, encroachment on forest land, lopping for fodder, grazing, grass cutting, fires and tourism are important. For indigenous people in developing countries like Pakistan where exploitation of environment is necessary for survival, help is needed in constructing alternatives for sustainable development, in order to establish biodiversity conservation much profitable. Multiple uses of forests, development of agro-forestry, silviculture and sustainable exploitation of wild species are some of the alternatives that have been suggested to be considered as future strategy for the development of Kaghan Valley. This part of Himalayan region contains immense biological resources of benefit mankind.
سید غلام محی الدین دوسرا حادثہ جناب سید غلام محی الدین کی وفات کا ہے، جو بڑے خاموش، متین، متواضع اور ذی علم شخص تھے۔ مولانا آزاد میموریل اکیڈمی لکھنؤ کے روح رواں اور اس کے انگریزی جرنل کے ایڈیٹر تھے، وہ مجلس تحقیقات و نشریات اسلام لکھنؤ کے بھی نہایت سرگرم رکن اور انگریزی کے اچھے اہل قلم تھے، مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہ سے بڑا مخلصانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے، ان کے دینی و دعوتی کاموں میں ان کے معادن بھی تھے، ان کی متعدد کتابوں اور مضامین کا انگریزی ترجمہ کیا، مولانا ان کی خاموش خدمت اور علمی صلاحیت کے معترف تھے، عرصہ سے تنفس کا مرض لاحق ہوگیا تھا۔ بالاخر ۹؍ نومبر کو وقت موعود آگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے درجات بلند فرمائے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، دسمبر ۱۹۹۶ء)
Youth is no doubt the asset of Muslim world. If they are utilized in charitable activities; in the protection of respect and honor; and developmental works, they can prove to be beneficial and a blessing. While if they are taken by destructive elements in their hands they will become source of destruction and harm. By providing proper Islamic education, our future will be in safe hands and will breath in an air of respect among other nations. In young age, deterioration in manners and moral corruption are alarming and cause mischief in society. Therefore, the interest taken in the problems of youth will result in a progressive society and ummah. Islam has given a special place to youth and has declared them future architect and leaders of humanity. The holy prophet S.A.W has given much importance to the youth and focused on them during his life time. In Islamic history, Muslim youth has represented the Muslim world in golden words and has spread the message of Islam’s moral height and greatness to the coming generations and nations. Due to the importance of youth problem of the youth in current time regarding lack of education and training are particularly discussed in this article. The research article begins with the detailed study of the research done in the area of education and socialization of youth. Moreover, the importance of education and socialization has been discussed in the light of the teachings of Quran and Hadith. After this, decadence in education, factors responsible for the decadence in education and its worse consequences have been thoroughly discussed in the light of the teachings of Islam. As there are several reasons responsible for the downfall of education like: parents, teachers, education system, society, state, preachers, political parties and media, therefore, responsibility of the remedy of this lack of proper education and socialization also depend on all these stake holders. In the end of the paper, recommendations are given for the cure of decadence in education.
Alpha-thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder which is an autosomal recessive type
disorder characterized by a microcytic hypochromic anemia and hemolytic anemia. The
a-thalassemias involve the genes?HBA1?and?HBA2.The aim of this research was to determine
the mutations in hemoglobin alpha 1 (HBA1) in Thalassemia affected patients and in silico
analysis of identified mutations to predict the functional effect. In this study, genomic DNA
was extracted from 40 Patients affected with Thalassemia (n=40) disease. Blood samples
were collected in vacutainers with EDTA as an anticoagulant from the patients and relatives.
Blood samples with anticoagulant were used for leukocytes based DNA extraction. Standard
organic method was used for DNA extraction. DNA samples were quantified using agarose
gel and DNA ladder. Primers were designed using gene sequence from NCBI gene bank.
Primer3 software was used for primer designing. PCR conditions will be optimized for
amplification and PCR was performed to determine the SNPs. A 382 base pair fragment of
DNA of HBA1gene of exon 3 was amplified using polymerize chain reaction (PCR)
technique. Sanger sequencing of the selected samples was done to identify polymorphisms.
A total of 24 samples out of 40 samples of DNA were sequenced and these SNPs were
confirmed by alignment. We were unable to find the mutations in the HBA1 gene but two
heterozygous variations were found in HBA1exon 3.Two
heterozygous
variations were confirmed in exonic area of HBA1 gene of
Patients affected with Thalassemia. The findings of this
research revealed no mutations were found in HBA1 gene. Two
heterozygous variants were confirmed at the position of c.514
on amplified fragment from G> C and second change at the
position of c.470 on amplified fragment G > C in 3?UTR..
Variations were further subjected for splice site analysis.
The splicing site analysis was done by using an online tool
(Human splicing finder).A variation which were present at
c.514 G>C were found in the potential splice site and its
consensus value is 88.39 and the second one is not in the
target region of splicing.