Twenty-nine species belonging to twenty-one genera representatives of six tribes viz., Smerinthini, Sphingulini, Acherontiini, Dilophonotini, Macroglossini, and Choerocampini of three subfamilies viz., Smerinthinae, Sphinginae and Macroglossinae of the family Sphingidae with fifteen newly recorded species from different areas of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir are described in detail with special reference to their head, wing venations, fore and hind wings and male and female genital complex where available. In subfamily Smerinthinae, two tribes, the tribe Smerinthini includes seven genera with seven species viz. Smerinthus kindermannnii Lederer, Marumba dyras Walker, Sataspes infernalis Westwood, Leucophlebia lineata Westwood, Clanis deucalion Walker, Clanidopsis exausta Butler, and Polyptychus dentatus Cramer, In tribe Sphingulini only one genus and one species presented, Dolbina grisea Staudinger. The second subfamily Sphinginae includes only one tribe Acherontiini, with two genera, Agrius and Acherontia. In the genus Acherontia two species included A. lachesis (Fabricius), and A. styx Westwood, while in genus Agrius only one species Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus), presented. The third subfamily Macroglossinae contains three tribes with eleven genera and eighteen species. In five genera having one species of each, Cephonodes hylas (Linnaeus), Nephele hespera (Fabricius), Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus), Gnathothlibus erotus (Cramer), and Pergesa acteus (Cramer). In remaining six genera, Macroglossum with three species M. belis (Linnaeus),M. nycteris Kollar, and M. stellatarum (Linnaeus), Acosmeryx with two species A. anceus Rothschild & Jordan, A.sericeus (Walker), Deilephila with two species D. elepenor (Linnaeus), D. rivularis (Biosduval), Hyles with two species Hyles gallii (Von Rottemburg), Hyles livornica (Esper), Hippotion with two species Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus), Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe), Theretra with also two species Theretra alecto (Linnaeus),and Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius). All the taxa including new records are compared with their closest allies and a key to the subfamilies, genera and species are formulated on the basis of reliable characters, which help readily identify the taxa. The cladistic analysis of the representatives of the family Sphingidae is also attempted using their apomorphic characters. The biodiversity of all the included taxa is also discussed and a map of Pakistan is given to show the distributional range and diversity of the above taxa.
مولانا محمد جلیل کیرانوی افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ اگست میں حضرت شیخ الہندؒ کے دومنتسبین،مولانا محمد جلیل کیرانوی استاذ اورمولانا محمد مبارک علی نائب مہتمم دارالعلوم دیوبند واصل بحق ہوکر اس جہانِ فانی کوالوداع کہہ گئے۔اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ اوّل الذکر (المتولد۱۳۱۸ھ)نے اگرچہ دورۂ حدیث حضرت الاستاذ مولانا محمد انورشاہ کے عہد میں تمام کیا تھا لیکن درحقیقت پروردہ تھے حضرت شیخ الہند کے گھرانے کے ہی۔ نوبرس کی عمر تھی کہ اُن کے والد حضرت ؒ کے سپردکرگئے تھے۔یہ اس آستانۂ قدس کوایسے چمٹے کہ مرتے دم تک اسے نہ چھوڑا۔اس لیے حضرت شیخ الہند کے خادم خاص اور شریکِ جلوت وخلوت تھے اس بناء پر حضرت شیخ الہند کی مشہور’’ریشمی خطوط‘‘والی تحریک کے جزوکل سے خوب واقف اوراس کے محرمِ اسرار تھے۔اس سلسلہ میں انھوں نے بڑے بڑے مصائب اورشدائد برداشت کئے لیکن تحریک کابھید آشکار نہیں کیا۔حضرت ؒ کی وفات کے بعد ادہر ادہرمدرس رہے۔آخر میں دیوبند آگئے تھے اوردرس کی خدمات انجام دیتے تھے۔ [ستمبر۱۹۶۸ء]
The question of economic facilities for non-Muslims in a Muslim country has been one of the most important questions in the Muslim and non-Muslim world. It has been highlighted by some economists and jurists about their economic facilities. This paper is intended to discuss the economic facilities for non-Muslims in a Muslim country in the light of Quran and Sunnah and the Islamic history. It is the topmost responsibility of the Islamic state/Muslim country to fulfill the basic needs of human life and to encourage voluntary services for the welfare of the poor, to promote equal opportunities in a Muslim country, to enforce social and economic justice in Islam, to provide social security and basic economic facilities, and to give a fair share of economic rights to all citizens. The Government should also provide employment (services), Jizyah and to impose tax on non-Muslims. It will be shown that in Muslim countries, all non-Muslims have equal economic opportunities and rights as other Islamic citizens and also the same status in terms of Islamic economy. This paper may also throw some light on the Islamic Philosophy of economy in the contemporary Muslim world and explore the constituents and effects of an Islamic/Muslim anti-economy policy. This paper will conclude by providing some suggestions on ways of solving contemporary non–Muslim economic problems in Muslim countries nowadays.
The aim of this present study was to examine the relationship of parental styles and effects of these parental
styles on personality functioning dimensions (cooperativeness & effectiveness) of students at secondary level.
The focus of this study was on four parental styles (permissive, uninvolved, authoritarian and
authoritative).The objective of the study was to find out relationship between parental styles and personality
functioning dimensions of students at secondary level. Parental styles have been identified as a contributing
factor in child personality. In Pakistan very few researchers have focused on personality functioning
dimensions (cooperativeness and effectiveness).
The population of this study was including all the secondary level students of government schools and
students' parents from Faisalabad city.
The sample of this study comprised of two hundred male students and two hundred female students and their
parents. Two research instruments were developed by researcher. One questionnaire was for students which
contained thirty one statements and the one was for student's parents which contained thirty statements. The
researcher translated these two instruments into Urdu and used them after pilot testing. Sixteen null
hypotheses were tested to see the relationship between parental styles and personality functioning
dimensions (effectiveness and cooperativeness) of students at secondary level. Data was analyzed by using
Pearson Correlation. After analysis it was found that mostly parents has authoritarian parental style.
It was concluded that all parental styles have significant effect on child's personality. It was found that
uninvolved parents are very few. It was observed at the offspring's of uninvolved parents are negative and
confused individuals. Along with it results show that the children of authoritative parents are more effective
and cooperative in their dealings.