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Home > Bio-Ecology and Management of Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa Armigera Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

Bio-Ecology and Management of Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa Armigera Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

Thesis Info

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Author

Ul Ane, Muhammad Noor

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6994/1/Muhammad_Noor_ul_Ane_Entomology_UAF_2015.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725612607

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Studies were carried out to evaluate the seasonal incidence of population of Helicoverpa armigera, Chrysoperla carnea and parasitism of H. armigera by Habrobracon hebetor in three districts, i.e. Faisalabad, Multan and Rahim Yaar Khan, temperature dependent biological parameters, drought influence on H. armigera along its natural enemies [C. carnea (Stephens) and H. hebetor (Say)] and development of IPM module against H. armigera in cotton agro-ecosystem. The maximum population of adults and larvae of H. armigera recorded during the month of August was 4.10 per trap and 0.52 per plant, respectively. The lowest population was recorded in October, with values of 0.87 adults per trap and 0.12 larvae per plant. Population of C. carnea was highest (0.90 per plant) in September and the lowest number (0.21 per plant) was recorded in July. Similarly, parasitism rates were highest (33.7%) and lowest (04.87%) in September and July, respectively. Adults and larvae of H. armigera were highest in R.Y. Khan i.e. 3.48 and 0.44 per plant, respectively. In contrast, C. carnea population was highest (0.72 per plant) in Faisalabad which was followed by Multan (0.55 per plant) and R.Y. Khan (0.38 per plant). Parasitism was also high in the district Faisalabad (13.39%) followed by Multan (6.36%) and R. Y. Khan (6.23%). Adults and larvae were positively correlated with temperature and r values were calculated at 0.5818 and 0.5240, respectively. Population of C. carnea was negatively correlated with temperature with an r value of -0.5546. Similarly, the parasitism of H. armigera by H. hebetor was negatively correlated with temperature (r= -0.5768). Higher temperatures decreased the duration of development and also decreased the reproductive capacity of H. armigera, C. carnea and H. hebetor. Degree days for developmental period for H. armigera, C. carnea and H. hebetor were 250, 166.67 and 71.43, respectively. The drought caused significant detrimental effects on population of H. armigera and parasitism by H. hebetor. In contrast, C. carnea population was not significantly (F= 2.01, DF= 4 and P>0.05) affected by drought. The maximum yield was recorded 1639.52 kg/ha (16.0 kg/plot) in T15 [T1 (spray of Spinosad) + T2 (spray of neem seed kernel extract) + T3 (release of C. carnea) + T4 (release of H. hebetor)] which was followed by T12 [T1 (spray of Spinosad) + T2 (spray of neem seed kernel extract) + T4 (releases of H. hebetor)] and T13 [T1 (spray of Spinosad) + T3 (release of C. carnea) + T4 (release of H. hebeor)] with values of 1475.568 and 1332.11 kg/ha, respectively. T1 (spray of Spinosad), T5 [(spray of Spinosad) + (spray of neem seed kernel extract)] and T15 proved the most economical pest management modules exhibiting CBR 1:6 followed by T7 [(sprays of Spinosad) + (releases of H. hebetor)] and T12 [(spray of Spinosad) + (spray of neem seed kernel extract) + (releases of H. hebetor)] which explained a CBR of 1:5.5 approximately.
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یوں مہرباں ہوا ہے مہینہ رسول ؐکا

یوں مہرباں ہوا ہے مہینہ رسولؐ کا
دل بن گیا ہے پھر سے مدینہ رسولؐ کا

خاکِ مدینہ پائی تو خوشبو خجل ہوئی
شامل ہے اِس میں پاک پسینہ رسولؐ کا

فدیہ ہو علم کا کہ مواخات کا عمل
تاریخ دیکھتی تھی قرینہ رسولؐ کا

قربان ہم تو دونوں کی آب و ہوا پہ ہیں
مکّہ خدا کا اور مدینہ رسولؐ کا

طوفان میں گھرا ہوں پہ مدحت زباں پہ ہے
یہ نعت بھی ہے ایک سفینہ رسولؐ کا

امام محمد اور ان کی قرآن فہمی

If any nation has right to be proud of its inheritance of concern and religion so followers of Islam deserve of its glorious inheritance of concern or concentration which is according to international investment enlists the unique and individual employment in the history of human. Its infrastructure, core concern, flexibility, exclusive law ideology, judiciary, common and uncommon solution contains unique supremacy. The base of such amazing and awesome international investment depends on fundamental legislative of Quran. Therefore, such accumulated ideology of all investment, although having opposition and distance owes the struggle and efforts of plenty of religious scholars (Fuqha) who proved surpassing sincerity for the services of knowledge. Imam Muhammad Bin Hassan Shebani the first of these (Fiqah People)eligious scholars who compressed (Islamic Fiqah) Islamic scholars teaching in such an educational way as none of other did it. He left us such a memorable priceless and valuable inheritance which crystal clear proof that he was having the thoughtful legislative mind and had profuse passion of gaining knowledge though he faced massive difficulties even spent his money to acquire knowledge. Besides such prestige and wisdom he was well-versed in Fiqah (deep thinking). His knowledge and services of Fiqah can be manipulated by his figurative and descriptive books which are real assets and fundamental ideology of followers of Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin alhasan alshaibai recently in the explanation ofKitab ullah Imam Muhammad was not uncommon writer that is why he was as much famous but Imam Muhammad was supposed to be best scholar of it.

Determinants of Firms’ Acquisition Ability and its Impact on Cost Efficiency, Operational Hedging and Returns of Acquirer Firms in Pakistan

The capital markets witness phenomenal shifts of corporate control. With the shift of world economy into a global one, there has been a rapid increase in the volume of acquisitions. The previous studies shed light on the motives behinds acquisition and its impact on both bidding and target firm. Less effort has been placed to check the ability of a firm dealing in market of corporate control. This study is bridging in the gap in literature by exploring the factors affecting the acquisition ability of the firm. The study has analysed the role of financial strength, corporate governance related variables and regulatory influence on acquisition ability of acquiring firm. Later on, impact of such acquisition ability has been tested on various firm characteristics like cost efficiency, returns and operational hedging of acquirer firms. Data has been analysed with respect to Pakistan stock Exchange for a period of 2004 to 2012. Empirical analysis indicates that firm specific variables are important determinants in firm’s decision to acquire. Chief Executive Officer duality and institutional shareholders presence on the board contributes to this important phenomenon in the life of the acquiring firms. Bidding firm’s financial strength is also another important considerations. The empirical results indicate the better acquisition ability for firms characterized by minimum capacity utilization, lower level of intangible assets, lower debt levels and lower advertising expenses. Acquisition announcement is an important event in the capital markets. The event study technique indicates the significant abnormal returns after 3 days of acquisition announcement. Cost efficiency has been analysed for bidding firms three years prior to the acquisition and three years post acquisition. Overall results suggest an improvement in the efficiency of financial firms after acquisition. Non-financial sector is indicating opposite results where most of the firms are showing declining trend in efficiency. The percentage change in operational volatility is accounted for as operational hedging. The empirical results show a large level decrease in the operational income volatility after the takeover deal. It shows that combined firm after acquisition bring the benefit of diversification thus reducing volatility and increasing operational hedging which may ultimately reduce financial hedging. So acquiring firms should analyse their strength before going for acquisition deal as acquisition impact their short term and long term performance. Key Words: Corporate Control, Acquisitions, Event Study, Data Envelopment analysis, Operational Hedging, Cost Efficiency, Abnormal Returns