In Pakistan, population is increasing at rapid rate while cultivated area is shrinking day by day and resources are becoming short. Resources are limited and becoming short for human beings. So, there is a dire need to increase the yield of different cereals and pulses particularly food grains per unit area to maintain a balance between demand and supply gap. The increase in area under winter pulses is difficult due to competition with staple cereals grown. Therefore, present study is planned with the objectives to develop new techniques in order to grow pulses and cereals at the same time for increasing yield per unit area and time. Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of barley, berseem and lentil intercropping during 2014-2015 and 2015-16 at the student farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Both experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The area of each experimental unit was of 3.6 × 7.0 m. In first experiment barley was sown on beds with five planting geometries i.e. flat sowing with row to row distance of 30 cm (Farmer practice), 45 cm spaced three row strips, 60 cm spaced four row strips, 90 cm spaced six row strips and 120 cm spaced eight row strips and berseem was intercropped in between the space of barley strips. Row to row distance in case of crop sown in strips was 15 cm. Similarly, in 2nd experiment lentil was sown on raised beds with similar geometric arrangements as in experiment I and barley was intercropped in between the space of lentil strips as berseem in first experiment. The irrigation was applied in furrows keeping in view the water requirement of the crop sown on lower beds in both experiments, while flood irrigation was applied to conventionally sown treatments. Observations on different agro-physiological parameters of the component crops were recorded by following standard procedures. Data collected were statistically analysed by applying Fisher’s analysis of variance techniques using a computer programme MSTAT-C and least significance difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level was used to compare the differences among treatment means. The results revealed that sole barley accumulated more dry matter than the intercropped barley. The number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield were influenced significantly by legume intercrop during both year studies. All the associated cultures reduced barley yield to a significant extent. However, in barley production, the extra harvest obtained from associated cultures rewarded more than losses. Barley-berseem intercropping gave 56 to 68 percent yield advantage on mono-cropped barley with the highest income of Rs. 174258/ha. Similarly, intercropping of barley-lentil gave 69 to 86 percent yield advantage on mono-cropped barley with the highest income of Rs. 143224/ha. Raised bed water use technology caused substantial saving of irrigation water over flat irrigation system. There was a progressive decrease in the amount of water used with increase in the size of strip from 3 to 8 rows with 45 to 120 cm irrigation furrows. The maximum water use efficiency of 4.84 and 3.55 kg/cf3 was recorded for both experiments for 8-row strip system with 120 cm irrigation furrows as compared to 1.49 and 1.18 kg/cf3 for conventional system of flood irrigation application.
ڈاکٹر عبدالمعید خان جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد کے شعبہ عربی کے صدر ڈاکٹر عبدالمعید خاں کی وفات علمی حلقہ کے لیے ایک سانحہ ہے، انھوں نے قاہرہ اور کیمبرج میں تعلیم پاکر ساری عمر جامعہ عثمانیہ کی خدمت میں گذاری، کچھ دنوں آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی میں بھی عربی کے پروفیسر رہے، حیدر آباد کے مشہور انگریزی رسالہ اسلامک کلچر کی ادارت کے فرائض آخر وقت تک بڑی خوبی سے انجام دیئے مارماڈیوک پکتھال نے اس کا جو معیار قائم کیا تھا، اس کو انھوں نے قائم رکھا، دائرۃالمعارف حیدرآباد کی علمی سرگرمیوں میں بھی ان کا بڑا حصہ رہا، ان کی رہنمائی میں یہاں سے بہت سی مفید کتابیں شائع ہوئیں، مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد ان کی علمی صلاحیتوں کے معترف تھے، وہ حکومت کی علمی کمیٹیوں میں نامزد ہوتے رہے، جہاں وہ عزت کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے، امید ہے کہ جامعہ عثمانیہ ان کو ایک نامور فرزند کی حیثیت سے برابر یاد رکھے گی۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، نومبر ۱۹۷۳ء)
Abdul Haq, India’s most popular researcher and literary figure, got retirement from the University of Delhi as dean of the Department of Urdu. For the very first time in India, he selected Iqbaliat as his doctorate topic. His books on Iqbaliat highlighted various unexplored topics and personalities. He presented and preached Iqbal’s thoughts and quotations exactly the way Iqbal wanted them to be presented. His articles on Iqbal always received great appreciation from all the literary circles and conferences in which he presented them. As a profound lover and having an understanding of Iqbal’s poetry, he gave new dimensions to his poetry, previously unknown to the world. Furthermore, as a researcher, he discussed numerous scholars who claimed to have an understanding of Iqbal’s poetry and analyzed their work critically. The current study is an acknowledgement of Professor Abdul Haq’s endeavors in the field of education, literature and his services for Iqbaliat. Moreover, the present study encompasses his written publications on the topic of Iqbaliat.
High rates of postnatal depression have been reported in the developing world. It has also been reported that more than 200 million children under 5 years of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential. This study examined the possibility of maternal depression as a risk factor for psychological development of infants. There is likely to be a particularly high risk during the first year of life, not only because this is a time of increased susceptibility of mothers to a depressive episode but also because it is during this period that the infant requires most responsive care. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate this association in a representative rural community- based sample in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, using a natural groups design. 160 infants of mothers diagnosed to have depressive disorder in the third trimester, and 160 infants of mothers psychologically well in the third trimester, were followed up for one year. Mothers’ mental state was re-assessed postnatally at 2, 6 and 12 months using the WHO Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). While, Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to the infants of both depressed and non-depressed mothers at the age of 12 months. Information was also collected about demographics, birth, socio-economic, and socio-cultural variables. Significantly lower developmental scores (Bayley mental, motor & behaviour rating scores) were found through univariate analysis in the infants at 12 months age who were exposed to maternal depression at 2 months postnatally as compared to infants of non-depressed mothers at 2 months postnatally. This association did remain significant for motor and behaviour rating scores at multivariate analysis, while mental scores did not remain significant along with significant association with infants having low birth weight and mothers having 4 or more children. Maternal depression is a significant risk factor of poor psychological development of infants in the first year of life. It may also be a significant marker for other infant risk factors such as low birth weight and maternal risk factor of having 4 or more children. The findings have implications for both infant and maternal mental health policy and practice.