اُس کی قدرت کے ہزار کرشمے
بنا ستوں کھڑا کیا آسماں جس نے
شب دن میں دن شب میں ڈھلتاہے
وہ جانے کتنے ہی رنگ بدلتا ہے
یہ پہاڑ بھی اُس کی طاقت کا نشاں ہیں
کہ اس کی قدرت کی حد تو بے بیاں ہے
بحروں کی اتھاہ گہرائیوں میں بھی
اپنی بنائی مخلوق پالتا ہے
کبھی پانیوں کو فلک سے گراتا ہے
تو کبھی زمیں سے اُچھالتا ہے
ننھے سے بیج کے سینے سے
کیسے تن آور شجر نکالتا ہے
زمیں کا سینہ چیرتے ہوئے
آتش فشاں بھی تو بنائے اُس نے
اپنے قادر ہونے کے
کتنے ہی نشاں دکھائے اس نے
ناممکن سی شے تعریف اس کے ایک گُن کی ہے
کہ اس کے نزدیک تو بات کن فیکون کی ہے
جب وہ رب یہ سب معجزے دکھا سکتا تھا
اک ادنیٰ سا کرشمہ اور بھی تو دکھا سکتا تھا
وہ تجھے میرا بھی تو بنا سکتا تھا
In the present age, youth occupy an important position and can play a very important role in reforming and improving the world conditions. In Quran several methods are suggested for character building of youth for example following “Uswa-e-Hasna” and by preaching and motivation of youth the fear Allah, the crated in their heard for reforming them. In some cases, the punishment can also reformed of youth. Youth is an important entity of any human society. Particularly in an Islamic society, youth has great significance. Youth is considered as a junction of past, present and future. The role of young generation cannot be neglected in the building of character, changes in circumstances and development of society. Youth should play a positive and effective role against various evils, which are prevalent in human society. What can be the religious social, political, ethical and educational duties of the Muslim? How can they play their role in reformation of society? How can they be bright stars of their country by fulfilling their duties? How can the whole humanity and particularly Islamic Ummah get benefits from their youth? The answers to these questions are central idea and theme of this article, generally in the light of Islam and particularly in the light of seerah-un-nabwiyia. In following lines, it has been tried to impart feelings of high self-esteem in the young generation who have forgotten it. It is an effort to motivate the youth for practical actions.
Twenty-nine species belonging to twenty-one genera representatives of six tribes viz., Smerinthini, Sphingulini, Acherontiini, Dilophonotini, Macroglossini, and Choerocampini of three subfamilies viz., Smerinthinae, Sphinginae and Macroglossinae of the family Sphingidae with fifteen newly recorded species from different areas of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir are described in detail with special reference to their head, wing venations, fore and hind wings and male and female genital complex where available. In subfamily Smerinthinae, two tribes, the tribe Smerinthini includes seven genera with seven species viz. Smerinthus kindermannnii Lederer, Marumba dyras Walker, Sataspes infernalis Westwood, Leucophlebia lineata Westwood, Clanis deucalion Walker, Clanidopsis exausta Butler, and Polyptychus dentatus Cramer, In tribe Sphingulini only one genus and one species presented, Dolbina grisea Staudinger. The second subfamily Sphinginae includes only one tribe Acherontiini, with two genera, Agrius and Acherontia. In the genus Acherontia two species included A. lachesis (Fabricius), and A. styx Westwood, while in genus Agrius only one species Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus), presented. The third subfamily Macroglossinae contains three tribes with eleven genera and eighteen species. In five genera having one species of each, Cephonodes hylas (Linnaeus), Nephele hespera (Fabricius), Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus), Gnathothlibus erotus (Cramer), and Pergesa acteus (Cramer). In remaining six genera, Macroglossum with three species M. belis (Linnaeus),M. nycteris Kollar, and M. stellatarum (Linnaeus), Acosmeryx with two species A. anceus Rothschild & Jordan, A.sericeus (Walker), Deilephila with two species D. elepenor (Linnaeus), D. rivularis (Biosduval), Hyles with two species Hyles gallii (Von Rottemburg), Hyles livornica (Esper), Hippotion with two species Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus), Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe), Theretra with also two species Theretra alecto (Linnaeus),and Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius). All the taxa including new records are compared with their closest allies and a key to the subfamilies, genera and species are formulated on the basis of reliable characters, which help readily identify the taxa. The cladistic analysis of the representatives of the family Sphingidae is also attempted using their apomorphic characters. The biodiversity of all the included taxa is also discussed and a map of Pakistan is given to show the distributional range and diversity of the above taxa.