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Home > Biological and Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses from Pothwar Region of Pakistan

Biological and Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses from Pothwar Region of Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Riaz, Hasan

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Plant Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9709/1/Complete%20Hasan%20Riaz%20PhD%20Thesis.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725621942

Similar


Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae; genus Begomovirus) are dicot plantsinfecting viruses which are exclusively transmitted by the insect vector whitefly (Bemesia tabaci). These viruses belong to economically important group of viruses which have monopartite and bipartite single stranded DNA genome. The plant diseases induced by begomoviruses are major constraints for successful crop production worldwide. Pothwar region is located in the northern part of Punjab province with an estimated area of 22, 254 km2. Based on the ecological and climatic conditions Pothwar region is adapted for the production of large number of agricultural and horticultural crops. The lack of systematic study on begomoviruses diversity in Pothwar region gave a strong backing to current study for assessing the incidence, distribution and genetic characterization of begomoviruses in the region. A total of 138 plant samples belonging to 17 different plant families were collected from four districts of Pothwar region and capital territory Islamabad. Total genomic DNA was isolated from all plant samples by CTAB method followed by PCR employing universal degenerate primers for begomoviruses detection. Selected positive samples were subjected to Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) for full genome amplification of DNA-A, DNA-B and satellite genomes which were cloned and sequenced subsequently. The obtained sequences were analyzed using Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) 6.0. Plants belonging to 15 families were tested positive for begomoviruses and the overall incidence of begomoviruses in Pothwar region was xxii 77.5 percent while incidence in individual areas was 85.7 percent in Attock, 85 percent (Rawalpindi), 83.3 percent (Islamabad), 81 percent (Chakwal) and 55.5 percent (Jhelum). The begomoviruses were not evenly distributed in Pothwar region with 32 percent in Rawalpindi, 27 percent (Chakwal), 22.4 percent (Attock), 14 percent (Islamabad) and 05 percent (Jhelum). The most significant contribution of the present study is the identification and characterization of new begomovirus specie which was tentatively named as “Euphorbia yellow leaf curl virus” (EYLCV) [Pakistan:Rawalpindi:Euphorbia:2012] [KM978186]. The EYLCV was also isolated and characterized from Hibiscus syriacas and Combretum indicum. Other begomoviruses which were characterized in present study are Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV) and its association with Cotton leaf curl Multan Betasatellite (CLCuMB) infecting Malvastrum coromandelianum, Rose leaf curl virus (RoLCuV) infecting Duranta repens, Tomato leaf curl New Dehli Virus infecting Solanum lycopersicum and Chilli leaf curl virus and its associated betasatellite infecting Capsicum annum from Pothwar region. The Pothwar region provides an opportunity for helper viruses to develop more complex relationships with satellites DNAs altogether opening a window for the development of unique begomoviruses disease complexes with likely implication of invading the cotton belt that could result in severe economic losses to national economy.
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دخترِ نیل: ڈاکٹر ولا جمال العسیلی (تعارف و تبصرہ)

دخترِ نیل:ڈاکٹر ولا جمال العسیلی(تعارف و تبصرہ)

تبصرہ نگار: مُنیر عباس سِپرا

(پی ایچ۔ڈی سکالر شعبہ اُردو، منہاج یونیورسٹی لاہور)

عرب ممالک میں اُردو  سے محبت کرنی والی ایک ایسی شخصیت موجود ہے جنہوں نے ایم۔اے اُردو، پھر ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری بھی اُردو میں حاصل کی۔مصر سے تعلق رکھنے والی عرب نژاد اُردو شاعرہ، افسانہ نگار ،کالم نگار، سفر نامہ نگار ڈاکٹر ولا جمال العسلی ہیں ۔

ڈاکٹر ولا جمال نے پی ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری کے حصول کے لیے مقالہ بہ عنوان "فہمیدہ ریاض کی شاعری "لکھا۔اس وقت عین شمس یونی ورسٹی مصر کے شعبہ اُردو میں تدریسی خدمات سرانجام دے رہی ہیں ۔

مادری زبان عربی بولنے والی ڈاکٹر ولا جمال کی اُردو سے والہانہ محبت ہم اُردو والوں کے لیے ایک قابل فخر بات ہے۔وہ اُردو سے پیار کا اظہار کچھ یوں کرتی ہیں :

اس کے ہر لفظ میں ہے اس لیے سمٹی خوشبو

دختر نیل کی سانسوں میں گھلی ہے اُردو

یہ شعر ان کی کتاب "دخترِ نیل " میں بہ طور انتساب شامل ہے۔اسی کتاب کے پیش لفظ میں وہ اُردو سے پیار کا اقرار کچھ یوں بھی کرتی ہیں:

"میں اُردو سے عقیدت کی حد تک محبت رکھتی ہوں ۔اُردو کے لیے خود کو وقف کر دیتی ہوں ۔اپنی زندگی میں اسے سب  سے زیادہ اہمیت دیتی ہوں۔"(پیش لفظ:ص14)

  نے اُردو سے اپنی محبت کا ثبوت کچھ اس طرح دیا ہے کہ متنوع اور فکر انگیز موضوعات کو مختلف اصناف میں طبع آزمائی کرکے پیش کیا ہے۔لیکن ان کی وجہ شہرت شاعری بن چکی ہے۔ان کا شاعری کا پہلا مجموعہ "سمندر ہے درمیان" کے نام سے شائع ہوا، یہ...

انسانی صحت کے متعلق سائنسی ا ثبات احادیث نبویہﷺ کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The preachings of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) are equally beneficial for both  believers  and non-believers. While Muslims have reaped many benefits from prophetic teachings, those who do not believe in the Holy Prophet (saw) are also inclined to study his teachings and conclude that the scientific  principles we are  formulating now, were revealed by the Prophet  (P.B.U.H) many centuries ago. Whether it be the secrets of hygiene, medicine  and treatment, or matters of implicit principles of creation, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)'s teachings contain golden principles that encompass   the secrets of success in all matters ranging from the survival of human health to the matters of creation. The purpose of this article is to explain the sayings of the holy prophet*( P.B.U.H) which lead to scientific proofs and indicate that it is the teachings of the Prophet (P.B.U.H), from which today’s intellectuals deduce principles. But the Prophet ( PBUH) many years ago, made those golden principles clear  through his edicts and rulings in the time of technology scarcity.

The Impact of Terrorism on the Economy of Pakistan

Terrorism has negatively affected growth & development and forced an intense economic burden on the economy of Pakistan. The general loss of self-assurance in economy resulting helplessness to catch the attention of foreign investors and high defense & security expenditures leads to economic distortions which further affect the economic growth and instability in the country. The objectives of the study are to analyze empirically the long run impact of terrorism on foreign direct investment and economic growth along with other macroeconomic variables (human capital, inflation rate, capital domestic investment, population growth rate, trade openness and unemployment rate and exchange rate) in Pakistan during 1980-2014. To measure the short run relationship between the dependent and independent variables of the models. To explores the influencing directions between macroeconomic variables, terrorism, economic growth and foreign direct investment of Pakistan and to make appropriate suggestions for suitable policy implementation for problems arising from the terrorism in the light of finding of the study. Both primary and secondary data have been used to achieve the desired objectives of the study. Furthermore, For checking stationarity, Unit Root Analysis (Augmented Dickey Fuller test) was used, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration was used to detect the existence of long run relationship among the variables, and for short run relationship, an Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) was estimated. Vector Auto Regression (VAR) was used to summarized the causality among terrorism, economic growth and foreign direct investment. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) and the variance decomposition was used to analyze the dynamic impact of the random errors on the variable’s system. The main findings of the study are; all the variables except foreign direct investment, terrorist attacks and economic growth are non-stationary at level but at first difference they became stationary. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration estimation reveals a long term relationship amongst the (i) economic growth and Independent Variables i.e. terrorist attacks, foreign direct investment, human capital, inflation rate, capital domestic investment, population growth rate, trade openness and unemployment rate (ii) foreign direct investment and Independent Variables i.e. terrorist attacks, economic growth, human capital, inflation rate, capital domestic investment, trade openness and exchange rate; for the time period of 1980-2014. Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) models validates that there exists a short run equilibrium relationship among the variables. And the sign of coefficients of terrorist attacks and human capital are in negative which means variables are having negative relationship in short run and are significant in explaining GDP. Foreign direct investment have negative relationship with terrorist attacks, Economic growth, exchange rate, human capital, inflation rate, capital domestic investment and trade openness which is indicated by the negative sign of coefficients of these variables. The coefficient of error correction term is negative and highly significant in both the model. The R-square value is less than Durbin Watson statistics therefore models are not spurious and the models are acceptable. There is no serial correlation and no heteroskedasticity in the both models and the residuals are also normally distributed in both models. It is found from the Impulse Response Function analyses that when one positive standard deviation shock or innovation is given to terrorist attack, it will take approximately 20 years to absorb the shock. Similarly, foreign direct investment will took almost 27 years for absorption of innovation or shock and economic growth will take almost 18 to 20 years to absorb the shock or innovation. The results of Variance decomposition analysis showed that the response of terrorist attack, economic growth and foreign direct investment to the impluses or innovation introduced mostly explained by itself. The negative impact of terrorism on the economy is proved beyond doubt from the findings of the present study and countless other studies, hence it is of the most importance that scourge of terrorism be rooted out from our society. The efforts are required to develop the terrorism affected areas by establishing some useful incentive systems, for-instance, tax free zones to encourage the businessmen and investors to set up their businesses in the terrorism affected regions. Attempts are required to establish various departments or organizations in the terrorism affected areas to provide the local population different job opportunities, quick deliverance of aid, standard school meetings, hospitals with all facilities and the social associations should be developed, in order to build friendliness and trust linkage between the population and government. Emphasis should be given to the children and youth education especially in these affected areas or various kind of creative, Technical and skill trainings should be given to the youth so that they can’t be easily hired by these terrorist groups. Attempts are required to support the crisis‐affected farmers in the shape of agricultural & farming inputs (for instance, fertilizers and seeds) the microcredit and fixing, repairing, availability of quality seeds and improving of irrigation systems.