Justice System of Islam in the Form of Qisas, Diyat and Harabah for the Protection of Human Dignity

For peace in a society and to protect the lives and properties of all the individuals living in a society, it is necessary that there must be certain rules and regulations that govern the whole system of society.  A guideline for each and every aspect of human life should be there. For this purpose Islamic law or Shariah law took origin to govern an Islamic state and for avoiding injustice and to preserve human dignity Shariah law prescribes different forms of punishment which constitute the basic criminal justice system of Islam. These include Qisas, Diyat and Harabah. Thus, the Quran not only specifies principles of retaliation in the form of Qisas but also gives an option of monetary compensation (blood money Diyat) to the aggrieved family of the victim. The fear of the consequences in the form of punishments prescribed by the Shariah Law must be there in a person's mind before he commits a crime and this fear will abstain from violating human dignity by destroying his life and property.

Association Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphismin the Upstream Region of Tumor Necrosis Factoralpha Gene With Asthma

Asthma is an obstructive airway inflammatory disease which causes narrowing of airway, airflow obstruction and produces wheezing sounds. Tumor necrosis factor a polymorphism leads to inflammation and provoke asthma which lead to morbidity and mortality in the population. The objective of the study was to look into single nucleotide polymorphism in upstream region of TNF a at -238 and -308 by ARMS PCR technique in asthmatic and control group. It was a prospective study constituting 17 clinical diagnosed asthmatic patients (Diseased) and 19 non-asthmatic patients (Control). The female was 6 (31.6%) and male were 13 (68.4%) in control group while female were 9 (52.9%) and male were 8 (47.1%) in asthmatic group. Mean age (49.59?15.82 year) and BMI (21.96?06.67 kg/m2) were recorded for asthmatic group while mean age and BMI for control group were recorded to be 32.82?12.50 year and 18.87?05.17kg/m , respectively. PCR amplification of TNF a gene was done in a thermocycler for -238 and -308 genotype analysis by the ARMS technique and statistical analysis showed that there was association between asthma and TNF a polymorphism at -238 G>A (p < 0.0001) and -308 G>A (p < 0.0086). Clinical genetic testing should be recommended to use TNF a polymorphism as a biomarker in asthmatic patients to reduce its adverse effects.