44. Ad-Dukhan/The Smoky Haze
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
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a. Ha. Mim.
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a. By the Book of Divine Qur’an - clear in itself and clearly guiding to the truth.
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a. WE sent it down during a night full of blessings.
b. Because with it WE had planned to warn people.
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a. On that night every matter of wisdom was made distinct -
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a. – by OUR Command.
b. Indeed, WE had decided to send OUR Messengers to these people for guidance -
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a. - as a Mercy from your Rabb - The Lord to humankind.
b. Indeed, HE - HE is The All-Listening of their sayings, The All-Knowing of their actions.
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a. Rabb - The Lord of the celestial realm and the terrestrial world and whatever is between them,
b. only if you were firm believers.
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a. There is no entity of worship except HIM.
b. HE gives both life as well as death.
c. HE is your Rabb - The Lord and Rabb - The Lord of your forefathers.
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a. Yet they are lost in their doubts.
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a. Then be on the watch for the Time – The Last Hour - when the sky will exhale visible smoky haze -
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a. – covering all people, causing them to cry out:
b. ‘This is an awful punishment!’
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a. ‘O Our Rabb - The Lord!
b. Take this punishment away from...
The Problematic narration has always been under the special focus of the commentators of Hadith. This important branch of Hadith sciences, in fact, removes all objections that arise on the text of an authentic narration of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Mulla Ali Al-qari, being a famous commentator has opted for a comprehensive pattern in solving such problematic narrations in his famous commentar0y on Mishqat Al-masabih named Mirqat Al-mafatih. This article is an effort to explore his style by presenting ten examples from this voluminous commentary. Qari has at first, investigated the authenticity of such narration. He has tried to present the views and interpretations of his predecessor scholars such as Nawavi, Ibne-Hajar, Khattabi, etc. He seems to owe a clear viewpoint about this kind of narration that prophetic sayings after being confirmed and authentic as per principles set in Hadith Sciences, must be interpreted in a way that testifies the sanctity of that narration. This research concludes that problematic narrations have been interpreted by Muslim scholars of every age according to the knowledge they possessed. In this modern age of Science and technology, if any such narration has multi interpretations only one may be preferred which is supported by the available modern research It will surely make non-believers inclined to Islam and its eternal teachings.
This thesis is devoted to explore stellar structures as well as evolution, gravitational waves and viscous cosmology in the framework of modi¯ed theories of gravity. Firstly, we study physical characteristics of stellar structures in the absence as well as presence of electromagnetic ¯eld in the framework of f(R; T) theory. We consider the compact stars whose pressure and density are related through polytropic equation of state and MIT bag model. The energy conditions are satis¯ed and stellar con¯gurations are found stable for the assumed values of free parameters. Secondly, we discuss anisotropic non-static charged spherical as well as cylindrical sources describing the phenomena of collapse and expansion in f(R; T) theory. We analyze the behavior of density, pressures, anisotropic parameter as well as mass and examine the in°uence of charge as well as model parameter on these quantities. Thirdly, we ¯nd the polarization modes of gravitational waves for some f(R) dark energy models with the help of Newman-Penrose formalism and ¯nd two extra modes than general relativity. We also investigate the propagation of axial gravita- tional waves in the background of °at FRW universe in f(R; T) theory through axial perturbations. It is found that axial waves can induce velocity memory e®ect. Finally, we consider viscous modi¯ed Chaplygin gas interacting with f(R; T) grav- ity in °at FRW universe. We investigate the behavior of total energy density, pressure and equation of state parameter for emergent, intermediate as well as logamediate scenarios of the universe with two interacting models. It is found that bulk viscos- ity enhances the expansion for the intermediate and logamediate scenarios. We also study the evolution using LRS Bianchi type-I model and discuss the behavior of scale factors as well as deceleration parameter in dark energy dominated era for di®erent bulk viscosity models. We conclude that expansion is faster when bulk viscosity is proportional to the Hubble parameter.