بولیاں
(۱)
باہجوں رب دے نہیں تیرا اے ٹھکانہ، دشمن مارے بولیاں
(۲)
جٹی بنھ کے لاچا لمکاوے، گُت نالوں ڈباں لمیاں
(۳)
پئی داتری چھنا چھن وجدی، جٹی ہن واڈھی کردی
(۴)
ہتھ نازک پھلاں توں وھ کے، داتری دے وس پے گئے
(۵)
جٹی آکے ڈائیوو وچ بہہ گئی، موٹر وے آباد ہو گیا
(۶)
پنڈ دکھاں دی پھراں پیا چا کے، ساتھی میرا کوئی نہیں لبھدا
(۷)
پنڈ دکھاں دی سرے اتے چا کے، وڈا میں روگی ہو گیا
(۸)
پنڈ دکھاں دی میں سٹ نہیں سکدا، وخت وچ پے گئی جندڑی
(۹)
پنڈ دکھاں دی نے کنی اے تروڑی، ساہ تاں کڈھانویں سجناں
(۱۰)
دکھاں نال میں سیتا تے پرویا، دکھاں والی پنڈ چا کے
(۱۱)
جٹی ٹوول دے کھاڈے وچ بہ گئی، بجلی شڑنگ کر گئی
(۱۲)
ونگاں ٹٹیاں بنے اتے ساگ دے، پیر نوں مروڑا آگیا
(۱۳)
تینوں نیندراں نے آن ستایا، اسیں آئے گپ شپ نوں
(۱۴)
جیویں باجرے دے سٹے نیں نروئے، انج دی جوانی یار دی
(۱۵)
چھلی دودھیا مکئی جیویں ابھری، یار تے جوانی آگئی
(۱۶)
کڑیاں ایہہ نیں لاہور وچوں آئیاں، ٹردیاں چھم کر کے
(۱۷)
جان پئی وچ ہجر فراقاں، جدوں دا سوہنا یار رسیا
(۱۸)
کڑیاں ایہہ نیں لاہور وچوں آئیاں، سر تے دوپٹہ کوئی ناں
(۱۹)
جان لُٹی گئی وچ ہجر فراقاں، جدوں دا اے یار رسیا
(۲۰)
تینوں واسطہ ای بانہہ نہ مروڑیں، رت ڈلھ ڈلھ جاونی
(۲۱)
چھڈ دنیا دے یار پواڑے، دنیا چند دن دی
(۲۲)
سارے ٹریکٹر ٹرالیاں نے تیرے، میں مٹھ ساگ بھننا
(۲۳)
ساری رات وچ گئی اے اڈیکاں، سرگی دا ویلا ہو گیا
(۲۴)
وعدے کر کے تے یار نہیوں آیا، ہتھاں وچ پھل سک گئے
(۲۵)
آئیاں تیریاں نہ اجے تشریفاں، سرواں دے پھل کھڑ پئے
(۲۶)
پھل کھڑے...
Hafiz Ibn-e-Kaseer’s ‘Al-Bidaya Wan-Nehaya’ maintains a remarkable position in the field of historiography. In this valuable book, he has described the occurrences of the important nations of the past and the epochs of the previous Prophets up to his own era. Although ‘Al-Bidaya Wan-Nehaya’ is basically a book of ‘History’, yet the worthy author has referred to numerous salient events pertaining to the life and mission of the holy Prophet (SAW). A considerable portion of the book, about two thousand pages, relates to the biograph of the Holy Prophet (SAW). Hafiz Ibn-e-Kaseer’s mode of ‘Seerah-writing’ differs from all other biographers in certain aspects. There are some distinctive marks which distinguish his biography from others. The following Article is an analytic account of the characteristic features and merits as well as deficiencies and shortcomings of ‘Al-Bidaya wan-Nehaya’ with special reference to the science ‘Seerat-Writing’ and it aims at determining its credibility as a source of Prophetic Biography
Deciphering In Vitro Regeneration Capabilities of Wheat and Investigations of Genetic Transformation in Wheat and Barley An efficient and reliable genetic transformation system is imperative for the improvement of food grains such as wheat and barley. While wheat transformation is complex due to its larger genome and high ploidy level, the barley has a limiting factor of genotypic dependency. In addition, cereals are known to be recalcitrant towards callus induction and regeneration. The biological processes behind in vitro response are complex and poorly understood. Selection of responsive genotypes and suitable media for tissue culture are important for genetic transformation. Mature embryos of wheat cultivars, lines and special stocks were used to evaluate genotypic and chromosomal response to tissue culture with variable concentrations of 2, 4-D in MS-medium. Similarly, different concentrations of IAA, BAP and Kinetin were used to find optimum combinations for regeneration. Specific expression vector pBRACT 214-NDPK2 carrying NDPK2 gene was used to compare relative Agrobacterium mediated transformation efficiency in wheat and barley. Significant differences were found among mean values of calli obtained under different concentrations of 2, 4-D for the tested wheat cultivars and lines. Callus induction frequency varied widely with genotype and exogenous auxin source ranging from 21% (Chenab 2000) to 94% (Atta Habib) at 1 and 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D, respectively. Most responsive cultivars and lines were Atta Habib, Siran, Iqbal 2000, Inqalab 2000, Marvi 2000, CIITADSW2, CIITADSW4, CIITADSW5 and CIITADSW9 which yielded maximum calli in a minimum time period of four weeks. It was found that from genome A the chromosomes 1A, 2A showed marked effect on callus induction, while from B and D genome the chromosome 3B, 7B, 2D, 4D and 6D were found responsible for the callus induction response. Based on the information from the response of substitution lines, the gene responsible for tissue culture response can be marked on to the individual chromosomes. Most efficient regeneration response was shown in Atta Habib followed by Siran and Chenab 2000 respectively. Wheat line CIITADSW5 showed significantly highest regeneration potential of 31% followed by CIITADSW1, CIITADSW4, CIITADSW5 and CIITADSW9 each with 25%. Both wheat and barley showed different responses towards callus induction and regeneration. Both embryogenic and non embryogenic calli were found in wheat with significantly greater tendency for embryogenecity in barley. The barley transformed lines showed good response on the regeneration medium as compared to wheat. PCR analysis of putative transformants using genomic DNA analyses showed a promising transformation response in barley with 27% transformation efficiency opposed to wheat where no true transgenic was obtained in any cultivar used in this study. The protocol developed and optimized for wheat and barley transformation will greatly help in crop improvement programme through genetic engineering especially in diploid relatives of cereals. Findings of this study suggested that callus induction and regeneration were genotype and hormones dependent, but independent of each other.