ایک صاحبِ علم کی وفات
مولوی سید عنایت احمد نقوی بدایونی
آج کل ہندوستان میں جب علوم مشرقی کے واقف کے کار روز بروز کم ہورہے ہیں، کسی پرانے صاحب علم کے سانحہ ارتحال پر دلی صدمہ ہوتا ہے، جوکہ ان کی جگہ جو آئیں گے وہ اپنے قدیم علوم کے اتنے واقف بھی نہ ہوں گے۔
بدایوں ہمیشہ سے فضل و کمال کا گھر رہا ہے یہیں ایک پرانا خاندان مولینا علاؤالدین اصولی کا تھا، مولینا ممدوح الشان علم ظاہر و باطن دونوں میں ممتاز تھے، اور یہ فخر کچھ کم نہیں کہ حضرت سلطان المشائخ نظام الدین اولیاء انکے شاگردوں میں تھے، فقہ حنفی میں قدوری مولینا سے پڑھی تھی، کہتے ہیں کہ بچپن میں وہ شیخ جلال تبریزی کے فیض سے مشرف ہوئے تھے، زہد و ورع اور فقر و فاقہ کی زندگی بسر کی، مگر کسی سے نذر و ہدیہ ضرورت سے زیادہ کبھی قبول نہیں فرمایا، اصولی کے لقب سے شہرت کے یہ معنی ہیں کہ وہ اصول فقہ میں کمال رکھتے تھے، زمانہ وفات معلوم نہیں لیکن بہر حال و ہ ساتویں صدی ہجری میں تھے۔
مولینا اصولی کی مبارک یادگار اس زمانہ میں مولوی سید عنایت احمد صاحب نقوی بدایونی تھے، افسوس ہے کہ موصوف نے ابھی پچھلے مہینہ ۲۳؍ رمضان ۱۳۵۸ھ کو بدایوں میں وفات پائی، ان کا بڑا علمی کارنامہ علامہ کمال الدین فارسی شاگرد علامہ محمود بن مسعود شیرازی کی تنقیح المناظر کے نسخوں کی تصحیح و مقابلہ ہے، تنقیح المناظر مشہور عالم بصریات (علم المرایا و المناظر) ابن ہیثم المتونی ۴۳۰ھ کے وسائل علم المناظر کی تلخیص و تشریح ہے، نواب عماد الملک مرحوم جو اسلامی علوم و فنون کے اس زمانہ میں سب سے بڑے قدردان تھے، ان کو ابھی کتاب کی اشاعت کی جو مسلمانوں کی علم نور اور علم بصر کی عظیم الشان...
When we analyse the preaching of religion by the Holy Prophets (peace an blessing of Allah be upon them) in the background of history of mankind, we come to know that Allah Almighty offered at least a Shari'ah (a code of social, moral and religious conduct) to every Prophet or bound them to a Shari'ah previousl preached by another Prophet before them. Shari'ah is, in fact, based upon the principles and practices to lead life. There had been at least some differences in the Shari'ah different Prophets with regard to the difference of their time and place. It is a proven fact that the followers of a Prophet had always been bound to follow the Shari'ah of their own Prophets. The Shareeya of the Prophet of Islam (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) is absolutely consummate in every respect and it also fulfills the needs of all times to come. It is because of the fact that Mujtahidin who kept on resorting to Ijtehad. The topic under consideration is an intellectual research analysis of the efforts of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi in the field of Ijtehad in the history of Islam.
Construction sector is criticized for sub-optimal performance all over the world. The situation is no different in case of Pakistan construction industry. Being regarded as an answer to challenges framed by globalized competitive environment, performance measurement discipline has received much attention among researchers and construction firms during last two decades. Uncertain economic conditions, social pressure and fierce competition have forced construction firms to concentrate more on measuring organizational performance to remain competitive in the market. Construction companies often find it difficult to identify and select relevant set of measures, considering their strategies, and critical processes. Many managers still make decisions mostly based on their intuition and common sense and on a few traditional financial measures while performance drivers like customer satisfaction, processes and innovation & learning are not paid adequate attention. This research has focused three areas related to performance measurement. First objective is to establish the purpose, characteristics and features of performance measurement systems currently practised by Pakistani contractors; second is to identify and validate key performance indicators (KPIs) based on balanced scorecard that are considered most relevant to measure company level operational and strategic performance and finally, effort is made to develop a performance measurement framework for Pakistan construction firms that can act as strategy map for successful running of construction business. Main contribution of the research is finding out relevance of certain organizational performance measures related to four perspectives of balanced scorecard. The main outcome of the research is expressed in terms of a typical strategy map that can be used by indigenous constructors to design their performance measurement systems. Besides the introduction part, this dissertation comprises five chapters. Chapter two covers the all important aspects linked to performance measurement like performance measurement systems, its life cycle, evolution and factors affecting its effectiveness. It is followed by the discussion on balanced scorecard, the important feature of performance measurement and this research. Chapter 3 presents the research aim, objectives and methodology. It discusses the various stages that have been followed for this research and justifies the decisions that are made to conduct this research. Chapter 4 briefly discusses the steps leading to data collection. Development of questionnaire has been explained at length. In addition to the survey instrument, sample strategy and mode of data collection is also elaborated. Next chapter comprises different tests done to check reliability, validity and hypothesis testing. Chapter 6 presents the discussion, conclusions, and limitation and future research areas ending with the contribution of this research in form of performance measurement framework tailored to suit the needs to domestic infrastructure construction firms.