Seventy eight wild Wallago attu and eighty Sperata sarwari of different body sizes were collected for analysis of body composition, morphometric parameters and elemental concentration. Each sampled was measured, weighed, dried and powdered for the analysis of water content, ash content, fat content and protein content. It was observed that highly significant inverse correlations exist between percent water content and percent ash content (wet weight), percent fat content (wet weight) and percent protein content (wet weight) in both species. In Wallago attu, there was no effect of wet body weight and total body length on percent water contents but positive influence on percent ash contents (wet weight), percent fat contents (wet weight), percent protein contents (wet weight), percent ash free matter (wet weight and dry weight), percent fat free matter (wet weight) and percent protein free matter (wet weight and dry weight). In case of Sperata sarwari, wet body weight and total body length have positive influence on percent water contents, percent fat contents (wet weight), percent protein free matter (wet weight and dry weight) and negative influence on percent ash contents (wet weight), percent protein contents (wet weight), percent ash free matter (wet weight and dry weight) and percent fat free matter (wet weight). Condition factor has a highly significant positive correlation with percent fat content (wet weight) in both species. When comparative study was done, it was found that there were highly significant differences between these two species in ash contents (wet and dry weight), protein contents (dry weight), ash free matter contents (dry weight), fat free matter (wet weight) and protein free matter (wet and dry weight). There was no significant effect of sex on body constituents in both species. The results also indicated that the proximate composition of the Wallago attu and Sperata sarwari depend on season. It was found that body constituents varied in different months of the year. The predictive equations can be used to estimate values of body composition with a fair amount of accuracy for both species. Flame Atomic Spectrometry was used as an analytical tool for analysis of trace metal concentration in relation to body size. In Wallago attu, it was observed that the metals i.e. Cd, Co, Fe and Cu were found to increase isometrically while Zn, Ni and Pb showed negative allometry with increasing body weight and total length. In Sperata2 sarwari, Cd, Co, Fe and Zn were found to increase isometrically while Ni, Cu and Pb showed negative allometric growth with body weight and total length. In both species, there were not significant differences in elemental concentration with relation to sex. The effect of season on elemental concentration was analyzed by using the ANOVA. Significant differences were observed in case of copper, zinc and lead concentrations in Wallago attu while zinc and nickel concentrations in Sperata sarwari. Wet body weight of both the species was not consistent with the cube law and showed positive allometry. The regression slope was W = 0.001698 L 3.27 for W. attu and W = 0.001698 L 3.28 for S. sarwari. The values of the slope b are significantly higher than b = 3.0, which shows that the weight grows more rapidly as compared to the cube of the length. Regression analysis showed that all the morphometric parameters except for eye diameter, mandible barbells length in W. attu and eye diameter, caudal fin length, nasal barbells length, maxillary barbells length and mandible barbells length in S. sarwari showed isometric growth with relation to wet body weight and total length of the fish. While the regression coefficient of all the fins weight except for dorsal fin in W. attu and caudal fin in S. sarwari showed positive allometric growth with body size. In internal morphometric studies, except for air bladder weight and gonads weight all the parameters showed negative allometric growth with relation to wet body weight and total length.
ڈاکٹر جوہر قاضی والدہ تعزیت رُکن مجلسِ ادارت اعزازی ماہنامہ برہان ڈاکٹر جوہر قاضی کی والدہ محترمہ ۵؍ جولائی ۱۹۹۷ء کو شنبہ کی صبح مختصر علالت کے بعد دہلی میں اپنی رہائش گاہ پر انتقال کرگئیں۔انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مرحومہ کی عمر تقریباً پچھترسال تھی۔ وہ ایک دین دار خاتون تھیں۔ان کی وفات بلاشبہ ڈاکٹر جوہر قاضی،اہل خاندان اوران کے رفیق سفر جناب حکیم قاضی محمدیٰسین عالم صاحب مدیر اعلیٰ ماہنامہ ’راحت وصحت‘ کے لیے ایک عظیم صدمہ ہے۔ میں اپنی طرف سے اور کارکنانِ ادارہ کی طرف سے دعا کرتا ہوں کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحومہ کواپنے جوار رحمت میں جگہ دے اور لواحقین کو صبرجمیل عطا فرمائے۔ ہم جناب ڈاکٹر جوہرقاضی اوران کے اہل خاندان کے اس غم میں برابر کے شریک ہیں۔مجھے بذاتِ خوداس سانحۂ ارتحال سے سخت جھٹکا لگاہے۔ [عمیدالرحمن عثمانی،جولائی واگست ۱۹۹۷ء]
The paper discusses the rights and powers of men against their counterparts’ women in so many aspects of life, because it is the command of Almighty Allah, so the paper looks into some verses of the Holy Qur’an (Ayāt) and Prophetic traditions (Aḥadith) on the same matter and the causes for that powers. The paper highlighted the contemporary world’s perception of men’s rights and powers as well as Islamic perception and also misperception about the rights and powers of men against their wives. Finally, the paper discussed on the equality of rights and powers of both the parties in some occasions in light of Islamic legal injection to remove difficulties and bodings from the two spouses. The methodology used in the research work is both historical and empirical, based on secondary sources.
The aim of this thesis is to explore new applications in the area of human computer interaction and to propose solution for these applications based upon gaze direction and head gesture. Gaze direction and head gesture are considered as input modalities for human computer interaction with different degree of freedom and different capabilities. Gaze direction estimation is achieved by subsequent stages: face detection, eye detection, eye gaze estimation and coordinate mapping for interaction of gaze over natural world surface. Face detection has been achieved by adaboost which combine visual critical feature based weak learner and produce a strong classifier. Assumingly face is detected, and then eyes are detected based upon texture feature. A regression neural network based gaze interaction with a surface is proposed. The regression neural network is trained over eye image while gazing in several directions. Accuracy of the proposed system is based upon the performance of this regression neural network that has to produce the coordinate which are being gazed by human eye. The detected eye gaze is further correlated with head gesture: head shake and head node to provide interaction mechanism with the real world. Practical performance of the system was tested in different real world environment such as infotainment device control and in automotive. The dissertation also proposes two novel applications in the area of augmented reality based upon gaze direction and head gesture. Augmented reality is combination of real viworld and computer generated data. A subset of gaze direction is proposed in which head orientation is considered and gross level gaze direction is proposed. This gross level gaze defines current field of view which is then animated and useful information is displayed for situation aware environments.