Studies on boron (B) nutrition and microbial allelopathy for improving the productivity and grain biofortification of bread wheat were conducted in Allelopathy laboratory, glasshouse and Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In the lab and glasshouse studies, rates and sources of B for seed priming and coating were optimized using two wheat cvs. Faisalabad-2008 and Lasani-2008. In all four methods of B application, application of B improved yield as well as grain B concentration. Application of B as seed priming, coating, soil and foliar application at 0.01 M B solution (as borax), 0.25 g B (as borax) kg-1 seed, 1.0 kg B ha-1 and 0.01 M B solution, respectively were the best among the tested treatments. In experiment I, conducted under field conditions, wheat genotypes were characterized for B biofortification potential. Experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Boron was soil applied at 1.0 kg B ha-1. Wheat genotypes Chenab-2000, Uqaab-2000, Pasban-90 and MH-97 had more grain B contents than rest of the genotypes during both years. In experiment II, conducted under field as well as glasshouse conditions, application of B and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were investigated for potential effect on wheat producticity and enhancement in grain B concentration. Experimental treatments comprised of pre-otimized level of B from each application methods as well as application of PGPR i.e. (1) hydropriming (control), (2) seed priming with 0.01 M B solution, (3) seed coating with 0.25 g B kg-1 seed, (4) soil application with 1.00 kg B ha-1, (5) foliar application with 0.01 M B solution, (6) seed priming with 0.01 M B solution + Bacillus, (7) seed coating with 0.25 g B kg-1 seed + Bacillus, (8) soil application with 1.00 kg B ha-1 + Bacillus, and (9) foliar application with 0.01 M B solution + Bacillus. Seed priming with B reduced time to 50% emergence and mean emergence time. Crop growth rate, leaf growth rate, plant height, tillers per plant, leaf chlorophyll contents and plant water relation were also improved by the application of B. However, there was no effect of application of PGPR on these parameters. Nonetheless, application of PGPR also triggered the release of organic acid from plant roots of both cultivars, which improved the soil nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and B). While application of B and PGPR enhanced the yield and related traits of wheat cultivars. However, maximum yield was recorded with the application of B and PGPR as seed coating. Grain B concentration was also enhanced by PGPR while maximum grain B concentration was recorded in seed priming. Application of B and PGPR as seed coating was the most economical and cost-effective option as indicated by more cost to benefit ratio and marginal rate of return. In conclusion, although application of B improved the wheat performance whereas application of PGPR further improved to the beneficial affects of B nutrition. However, seed coating with combination of B and PGPR was the best treatment option, hence seeds of wheat may be coated with B and PGPR to improve the performance, yield, grain biofortification and net economic returns of wheat.
احسان اﷲ ثاقب(۱۹۴۲ء۔۲۰۱۴ء) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف رومانوی شاعری فاخر ہریانوی کے بیٹے ہیں- اعلی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد محکمہ تعلیم میں ملازمت اختیار کی۔ (۹۸۲)آپ کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’شہرِ غزل‘‘ کے نام سے معراج پر نٹرز لاہورسے ۲۰۰۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس کے علاوہ کچھ شعری مسودات ہیں جو شائع نہیں ہو سکے۔ احسان اﷲ ثاقب غزل گو شاعر ہیں۔ ان کا اردو ادب میں بڑا کارنامہ یہ ہے کہ انھوں نے اپنے شعری مجموعے ’’شہرِ غزل‘‘ میں بیس بحور کے چھیاسی اوزان میں بڑی خوبصورتی سے طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ آج ارد وشاعری میں کوئی قدآور شاعر بھی اتنی تعداد میں بحور اور اوزان میں شعر نہیں کہہ سکا ہے۔ انھوں نے ایک نئی بحر کا بھی اضافہ کیا ہے۔ جسے انھوں نے ’’بحرِ مترنم‘‘ کانام دیا ہے۔ یہ بحر تمام عروضی تقاضوں کو پورا کرتی ہے۔
حوصلہ مندی ،بلند فکری ،اخلاقیات، پیارو محبت،سماجی شعور اور توحید احسان اﷲ ـثاقب کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں۔ اس حوالے سے نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:
In Sharia (Islamic Law), the interpretation of any law to solve an issue or problem with a logical verdict, of an individual in society or state, is called Fatwahs. Fatwahs are issued from the religious institutions, called “Marakiz e Ifta”. While the “Muftees” are considered the sole authority to disperse and verdict for all issues in an Islamic society or state. Without the interpretation of Muftees, the solution for all issues in an Islamic society is impossible. No individual can deny the importance of “Fiqh” and “Fatwahs” in Islamic society. These religious practices and services of Muftees with Fiqah, have been existing since its origin. In the same way, such services and practices are present in Quetta city as in the other regions of Pakistan. In this study, the researcher has analyzed the following aspects such as: Muftees, their religious Fatawahs and Maddaris, their establishment, services and practices regarding these Fatawahs and its characteristics, the merit of an issue for a verdict and the importance of these Fatawahs on official level. The objectives of this study are the analysis of the services of Muftees and Maddaris of Quetta. That the Muftees and Maddaris have practiced and served the general public as in the other regions of Pakistan. The research site for this study was Quetta city. The research toll was interview technique while the respondents or participants for this study were religious Schalors. Data was collected and analyzed by the researcher. This study comes within the qualitative research paradigm.
Explicit formulae for the K−functional for the general couple ((A0, A1)Φ0, (A0, A1)Φ1), where (A0, A1) is a compatible couple of quasi-normed spaces, are proved. As a consequence, the corresponding reiteration theorems are derived. Optimal embeddings are proved for generalized inhomogeneous Sobolev spaces W kE, built-up over quasi-normed rearrangement invariant spaces E that are intermediate for the couple (L1, L∞) on Rn, 1 ≤ k < n, into quasi-normed rearrangement invariant spaces G. Both subcritical and critical cases are investigated and optimal spaces E, G are constructed and characterized.