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Boundary Layer Flows and Heat Transfer of Cross Fluid

Thesis Info

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Author

Manzur, Mehwish

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11893/1/Mehwish%20Manzur%20maths%202019%20qau%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725653441

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The study of generalized Newtonian fluid (GNF) is a topic of practical interest in fluid mechanics. The GNF is non-Newtonian in nature, although its constitutive equation is generalized form of Newtonian fluid. Researchers are devoting their studies to explore different subclasses of GNF. Despite of the abundant research work in this field, an important subclass of GNF namely the Cross fluid has not been given due attention. The objective of this research work is to concentrate on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Cross fluid. The inaugural work has been presented in this thesis by bestowing the boundary layer equations of Cross fluid in different coordinate systems. This has opened new doors for researchers to carry out further research in this direction. In this thesis, a theoretical study is done to explore the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Cross fluid. The reported work presents the modelling of the boundary layer equations of GNF using the Cross viscosity model and further bestows the numerical solution regarding these equations. The current research work covers the flow of Cross fluid past a planer as well as radially stretching sheet and stretching cylinder. Moreover, investigations are done on the mixed convection flow, Falkner-skan flow, nano boundary layer flow and stagnation point flow of Cross fluid. Several effects are taken into consideration including the impact of activation energy, melting phenomenon, linear and non-linear radiation, heat generation/absorption, multiple slip effects, variable thermal conductivity, Newtonian heat and mass conditions. The modelled problems are numerically handled by two numerical techniques namely the shooting method and bvp4c in MATLAB. The results presented in this thesis are verified by making comparison with already available results in literature for reduced cases and excellent compatibility is achieved. From the obtained results, it is observed from that the progressive value of the local Weissenberg number reduces the velocity distribution while the temperature of the fluid rises. However, quite an opposite trend is exhibited by velocity and temperature profiles for growing values of the power-law index.
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بچوں کے مشاغل

بچوں کے مشاغل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
صدرِ ذی وقار اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’بچوں کے مشاغل ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
بچہ بچہ ہوتا ہے خواہ وُہ دولت مند گھرانے میں پیدا ہوا ہو یا اس کی پیدائش فقر و فاقہ سے بھر پور ماحول میں ہوئی ہو، اس کے والدین تر نوالے والے ہوں یا افلاس وغربت کے مارے ہوئے، اس کے خاندان کا ایک نام ہو یاگلی کوچوں میں پڑے ہوئے تنکے کی طرح گمنام۔ بچہ والدین کو بہت پیارا اورآ نکھ کا تارا ہوتا ہے۔ خواہ اس نے حر یرو پرنیاں کا لباس زیب تن کیا ہو یا چیتھڑوں میں ملبوس غربت و افلاس کی تصویر بنے ہوئے اپنے کچے آنگن میں مٹی سے کھیل رہا ہو۔
صدرِذی وقار!
بچہ جو بھی ہے وہ فطرت اسلام پر پیدا ہوتا ہے بعد اس کے والدین پرانحصار ہے کہ وہ اسے یہودی بنائیں یا نصرانی ۔ بچے کی اپنی ایک دنیا ہوتی ہے۔ بچے کا اپنا ایک ذوق ہوتا ہے۔ بچے کی اپنی ایک نفسیات ہوتی ہے بچے کا اپنا ایک مشغلہ ہوتا ہے۔
معزز سامعین!
زمانہ رضاعت میں تو بچے کے مشاغل مختلف نوعیت کے حامل ہوتے ہیں ، شیر خوار بچہ کبھی اپنی والدہ کی پھولدا ر قمیض کی طرف دیکھ کر محظوظ ہورہا ہوتا ہے۔ کبھی اس کی انگلی روشن بلب کی طرف اٹھ رہی ہوتی ہے، کبھی اس کی آنکھ رنگین پردے پر ٹکٹکی باندھ کر دیکھنے میں مشغول ہوتی ہے۔
سامعینِ حضرات!
یونہی بچے شیر خوارگی کی عمر سے آگے نکلتا ہے تو اس کے مشاغل تبدیل ہو جاتے ہیں۔ اس کی سوچ کچھ پروان چڑھتی ہے اس کے ذوق میں...

عصرحاضر کے مسائل کے بارے فتاوی میں احتیاط کے منہج کی عصری معنویت و اہمیت اسباب اور اصول و ضوابط

Fatwa is the easiest tool to explore the religious status of any newer problem faced by the public, though it is non-binding theory  by its nature still people rely on that and get it from any renowned scholar to for the sake of awareness and to support their religious background. The ultimate result in fatwa depends on the methodology adopted in it. Alike methodologies of  tashdeed and tasahul the precautionary methodology has also been practiced in the earlier stages of Islam  when the issues were not much complicated but in the era  we live in the newer are much complicated which need this methodology to be practiced. This study throws light on the concept of such methodology, on its reasons and principles. It concludes that the precautionary methodology of fatwa is based on shariah rules and its is admissible by its nature but when this methodology becomes the way to save a compulsory thing then it becomes compulsory and when adoption of this methodology becomes to strengthen a Haram action then adoption of this methodology becomes Haram.

Ab-Initio Investigation of Pristine and Intrinsic Vacancy Defect-Containing A3sno and A3pbo A: Ca, Sr and Ba Inverse Perovskites

The A3SnO and A3PbO (A: Ca, Sr and Ba) inverse perovskite oxides have gained immense research attention as they exhibit physical properties suitable for thermoelectric, superconducting and magnetic devices. The emergence of stoichiometry dependent stable ferromagnetism in these inverse perovskites has recently made these materials potential candidates for utilization in spintronic and quantum computing devices. In the present work, DFT based first principles total energy calculations have been employed using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method to explore the electronic, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of pristine and intrinsic vacancy defect containing A3SnO and A3PbO (A: Ca, Sr and Ba) compounds. The electronic structures of these compounds are computed with the inclusion of spin orbit coupling interactions which plays an important role in topological nature of these compounds. Furthermore, the spin-polarization calculations have been carried out to investigate the impact of vacancy defects on magnetic and electronic properties of these inverse perovskites. The thermodynamic stability analysis indicated that these materials can be synthesized under Ca/Sr/Ba rich and Sn/Pb intermediate-rich conditions. Moreover, the defect formation energies revealed that Ca/Ba/Sr vacancies are the most stable form of vacancy defect under oxidation (O-rich) conditions, while O and Sn/Pb vacancies are found to have stableunder reduction (O-poor) and Sn/Pb-poor conditions, respectively. Our calculations reveal that charge neutral Sn or O vacancies can give rise to stable ferromagnetism in non-stoichiometric A3SnO and A3PbO (A: Ca, Sr and Ba) compounds.