In present investigation, extraction, characterization and bio-evaluation of protein isolates from different indigenous legumes i.e. chickpea, lentil, broad and kidney beans were carried out to develop complementary foods. In tested legumes, after inactivation of anti-nutritional factors, protein isolates were prepared through isoelectric precipitation method. The highest protein yield as 80.47±5.71% was estimated in lentil protein isolates (LPI) followed by 73.14±3.44% in chickpea protein isolates (CPI) and 67.58±3.70% in broad bean protein isolates (BPI) while the lowest yield 52.83±3.36% was in kidney bean protein isolates (KPI). Moreover, protein isolates were assessed for their functional properties like bulk density, oil & water absorption, emulsifying & foaming properties etc. Maximum bulk density was revealed in LPI followed by CPI, KPI and BPI. Likewise, higher water absorption capacity was recorded in CPI tracked by LPI and BPI whilst the lowest in KPI. Maximum foaming capacity (FC) was revealed in BPI followed by KPI and LPI, respectively and the minimum in CPI. Electrophorogram through SDS-PAGE showed that legume protein isolates had protein bands in the range of 4 to 70kDa. Amino acid quantification was also performed with reference to requisite profile for the pre-schoolers. Among the essential amino acids, higher lysine content (4.54±0.21g/100g) was found in KPI followed by CPI (3.70±0.09g/100g) and LPI (3.66±0.20g/100g) whilst BPI showed minimum values (3.51±0.21g/100g). Simultaneously, amino acid scores were also determined with values of 39.6, 40.0, 40.0 and 56.0 in CPI, LPI, BPI and KPI, respectively. Bio-evaluation of respective isolates was performed through growth study parameters. Among the resultant protein isolates, the highest values were observed in LPI followed by CPI and BPI while the lowest for KPI regarding protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein (NPR) and relative net protein ratio (RNPR), respectively for the year 2009-10. Similarly, nitrogen balance study parameters showed the highest values for true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) & net protein utilization (NPU) in LPI tracked by CPI and BPI whereas the lowest values for these traits were recorded in KPI. However, BV value was high in KPI as compared to BPI. Similar trend for growth and nitrogen balance studies was observed in the next year 2010- 11. On the basis of overall yield, functional properties and bio-evaluation, two best protein isolates namely LPI and CPI were selected along with control for complementary foods preparation. The prepared formulations based on LPI (C1) and CPI (C2) congregated the FAO criteria for supplementary infant foods. The developed weaning foods were analyzed for chemical composition, energy value, bulk density, reconstitution index, viscosity and amino acid profile. Additionally, gross calorific values were observed as 401.70±20.42, 401.15±20.50 and 410.16±20.90kcal/100g for C1, C2 and control complementary foods, respectively. The essential amino acids were found to be sufficient in lentil and chickpea protein supplemented weaning foods. In addition to amino acid quantification for infant formulations, amino acid scores were also estimated. In complementary foods, maximum calorific value was contributed by fat followed by protein. Formulations in current study are capable of delivering 120.22±6.80, 122.49±6.36 and 123.27±6.09kcal per single meal for C1, C2 and control, respectively. Hedonic response regarding various sensory attributes also showed acceptance towards developed complementary foods. The acceptability appraisal of prepared infant formulations was conducted through short term infant feeding trial with the help of nursing mothers. The acceptability remained as 61.40 to 65.00% at the initiation of study and reached to 80.80 to 83.20% at the end of trial. Correlation studies also showed strong association among various variables and refelect their positive and negative contributions. The upshots of this project indicated that indigenous legumes have potential to yield protein isolates with appreciable functional and nutritional quality for application in array of foods with special reference to complementary foods.
مسعود علی ندوی کاروان شبلی کا آخری مسافر دارالمصنفین کے تین معمار تھے، حضرت سید صاحب رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ، مولانا عبدالسلام صاحب ندوی اور مولانا مسعودی ندوی اول الذکر دونوں بزرگ بہت پہلے اس دنیا سے اٹھ چکے تھے، اس قافلہ کے آخری مسافر مولانا مسعود علی صاحب ندوی نے بھی ۲۷؍ اگست کو جنت کی راہ لی، ان تینوں نے مل کر دارالمصنفین کو پروان چڑھایا تھا، حضرت سید صاحب اور مولانا عبدالسلام صاحب نے علمی حیثیت سے دارالمصنفین کا نام اونچا کیا، اور اس کی شہرت کو عالمگیر بنایا اور مولانا مسعود علی صاحب نے انتظامی حیثیت سے اس کو ترقی دی اور اس کا مقامی وقار قائم کیا۔ مرحوم سراپاقوت وعمل تھے، انھوں نے اپنے دور میں بڑے بڑے عملی کام کئے اور مولانا شبلی سے نسبت رکھنے والے اداروں کو فائدہ پہنچایا، دارالمصنفین کی تمام عمارتیں، دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کی عالیشان مسجد، شبلی کالج کا وسیع کانووکیشن ہال انہی کے ذوق تعمیر کی یادگار ہیں، جب تک یہ عمارتیں قائم ہیں، ان کا نام زندہ رہے گا، ایک زمانہ میں سیاسی اور قومی کاموں میں بھی سرگرمی سے حصہ لیا، خلافت اور ترک موالات کی تحریک کے زمانہ میں سید صاحب کی شخصیت اور مولانا مسعود علی صاحب کی عملی جدوجہد نے دارالمصنفین کو سیاسی کاموں کا مرکز بنادیا تھا، اس زمانہ کا کوئی بڑا لیڈر ایسا نہیں ہے جس نے دارالمصنفین کا طواف نہ کیا ہو، ان سب سے مولانا کے دوستانہ تعلقات تھے، پورے ضلع میں ان کا طوطی بولتا تھا، یہاں کے سارے کاموں کے روح رواں وہی تھے، ان کے بغیر کسی تحریک میں جان نہیں پڑتی تھی، اب تو زمانہ بہت آگے بڑھ گیا ہے، ایک زمانہ میں وہ اعظم گڑھ میں تہذیب کے بھی معلم سمجھے جاتے تھے، انھوں نے یہاں کا تہذیبی معیار بلند کردیا تھا،...
Worldwide, malnutrition is the severemost health problem leading to the highest rate of disease and mortality among children less than 5 years of age. Objective: To find out the association between malnutrition and demographic profile. Methods: 350 malnourished children were chosen by non-probability convenient sampling technique from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Children were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: 45% malnourished children were 1-3 years of age, majority of the children were females (52%), 89% children were from rural areas, 82.6% children were from low socioeconomic status, 54.6% mothers were uneducated, 50% malnourished children were not having their own house, 115 malnourished children were having 3 or more siblings and 89 mothers were having less than one year of pregnancy gap. Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status, illiteracy of mothers, rural area, gap between pregnancy and female gender has been found to be linked with malnutrition in children below 5 years of age.
Present work consists of study of β-Lactamase (BLase) inhibitory potential of phytochemicals from Apocynaceae & Compositae families and Ketophosph(on)ates. For this study; an easy, efficient & economical method was developed, used successfully and published. In this study, thirty two compounds were prepared and characterized by EIMS & 1 H-NMR. These compounds comprise of: Diethyl (2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) phosphonate(1), Diethyl [(E)-1-benzoyl-2-phenylvinyl] phosphonate(2), Diethyl[(E)- 1-benzoyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) vinyl] phosphonate(3), Diethyl [(1E,3E)-1-benzoyl-4- phenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl] phosphonate(4), Diethyl [(1E)-1-benzoyl-2-phenylprop-1- en-1-yl]phosphonate(5), Diethyl [(E)-1-benzoyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) vinyl] phosphonate(6), Diethyl benzyl phosphonate(7), Diethyl [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- 2-oxo-1-phenylethyl] phosphonate(8), Diethyl [(3E)-2-oxo-1,4-diphenylbut-3-en-1- yl] phosphonate(9), Diethyl(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethyl) phosphonate(10), Diethyl (2,4- dioxo-1-phenylpentyl) phosphonate(11), Diethyl (2,4-dioxo-1,4-diphenylbutyl) phosphonate(12), Ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl) acetate(13), Diethyl (oxiran-2- ylmethyl) phosphonate(14), Diethyl[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxiran-2-yl-2-oxoethyl] phosphonate(15), phosphonate(16), 6-Diethyl Diethyl [(3E)-1-oxiran-2-yl-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-en-1-yl] (1-oxiran-2-yl-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) phosphonate(17), Diethyl (1-oxiran-2-yl-2,4-dioxopentyl) phosphonate(18), Diethyl (1-oxiran-2-yl-2,4- dioxo-4-phenylbutyl) phosphonate(19), Diethyl (2-nitrobenzyl) phosphonate(20), six derivatives (21-26) containing the Tetraethyl ethane-1,2-diylbis (phosphonate) motif, Diethyl methylphosphonate(27), phosphonate(28), Diethyl Diethyl Diethyl [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl] [(3E)-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-en-1-yl] (2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) phosphonate(30), phosphonate(29), Diethyl(2,4-dioxopentyl) phosphonate(31) and Diethyl (2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutyl) phosphonate (32). Seventeen compounds showed BLase inhibition activity. The compounds 1, 12, 29 & 32 were found more active than Clavulanic acid (used as standard). Extraction and bioassay guided isolation of Cichorium intybus resulted in the purification and identification of ten compounds: [Lupeol (33), β-Sitosterol(34), p- hydroxy phenyl acetic acid(35), Isovanillic acid(36), Syringic acid(37), Vanillic acid(38), Esculetin(39), Scopoletin(40), Umbelliferone(41) and Kaempferol(42)]. Stigmasterol(43) was the only compound isolated from Ageratum conyzoides but six compounds: [Conessine(44), Kurchinin(45), Conimine(46), Kurchamine(47), Holaromine(48) & Kurchessine(49)] were extracted from Holarrhena antidysenterica. viiiHowever two compounds: [Lupeol(32) & Campesterol(50)], were extracted from Carissa opaca while Quercetin(51) & Kaempferol(42) were isolated from Alstonia scholaris. β-Sitosterol(34), α-Amyrin(52) & Ursolic acid(53) came out of Calotropis procera. All the phytochemicals were subject to BLase inhibition study. In general these phytochemicals showed poor activity however Kurchamine(47), Holaromine(48) and Quercetine(51) were relatively more active in this respect.