¦ سرمد صہبائی (۱۹۴۵ء پ) کا اصل نام خواجہ سلیم پال ہے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔(۱۰۵۴) آپ معروف غزل گو شاعر اثر صہبائی کے بیٹے ہیں۔ آپ نے گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور سے ایم ۔اے انگریزی کیا۔ (۱۰۵۵)گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور کی ادبی سر گرمیوں میں سرمدؔ نمایاں رہے۔’’کالج گزٹ‘‘ اور مجلہ ’’راوی‘‘ کے ایڈیٹر اور سوندھی ٹرانسلیشن سو سائٹی کے صدر بھی رہے۔ گورنمنٹ کالج میں ۱۹۶۲ء میں سٹوڈینٹ یونین کے صدر بھی رہے۔ (۱۰۵۶) اردو ادب میں آپ شاعر کے ساتھ ساتھ ڈرامہ نگار کے طور پر بھی جانے جاتے ہیں۔
آپ کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ’’تیسرے پہر کی دستک‘‘ دارالا شاعت لاہور نے ۱۹۷۰ء میں شائع کیا۔ ’’تیسر ے پہر کی دستک‘‘ ایک طویل اور بین الاقوامی نظم ہے۔ یہ نظم تیسری دنیا کے معاشی ،سماجی ،معاشرتی اور اقتصادی مسائل کی ایک جامع دستاویز ہے۔ اس نظم میں سرمد نے مظلوم اقوام کی مکمل طورپر حمایت کا اعلان کیا ہے۔ سرمد کا دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ‘‘ان کہی باتوں کی تھکن‘‘ غزلوں اور نظموں پر مشتمل ہے۔ یہ مجموعہ دارالاشاعت لاہور نے ۱۹۷۶ء میں شائع کیا۔ ’’پل بھر کا بہشت‘‘ سرمدؔ کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جسے الحمرا اسلام آباد نے ۲۰۰۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ سیالکوٹ کی مردم خیز زمین اور گھر کے شاعرانہ ماحول کا اثر تھا کہ سرمد صہبائی کی طبع موزوں کا میلان سکول کی تعلیم کے دوران ہی اشعار کی طرف ہوا اور انھوں نے اپنے سکول کے زمانے میں ہی اشعار لکھنے شروع کر دئیے سرمد صہبائی کی ابتدائی شاعری میں وطن کی محبت کا عنصر نمایاں ہے۔اور وہ نوجوانوں کو وطن سے محبت کرنے اور وطن کی خاطرجان قربان کرنے پر اُبھارتے ہیں۔ ان کی ابتدائی نظموں سے اندازہ ہوتا ہے کہ ابتدا میں ان کا رجحان مذہب اور وطن سے محبت کی طرف تھا۔ ان کی نظمیں ’’بچوں کی دنیا‘‘ اور ’’استقلال‘‘رسالے میں شائع ہوتی...
Quran is the word of Allah Almighty, therefore, in order to understand it in the true sense, a person has to sharpen his or her intellectual ability as well as increase the knowledge. When one is at a particular intellectual level, only then can he or she start understanding the true message, which Allah Almighty conveyed through words of Quran. Pertaining to the explanation of Quran for the understanding of general audience, different people have tried to write the Tafseer of Quran. Although Muslims recite Quran and try reading it with translation, however, the reading of Tafseer has its own importance. “Tafseer Dawat-Ul-Quran” is written by Abu Nauman Saifullah Khalid and published from Dar-Ul_Undalus Lahore in 2010. This Tafseer has been written in the light of the Quran, Hadith, and the sayings of the companions of Prophet. In this Tafseer correct tradit-ions has been included and unauthentic traditions has been avoided. In theological interpretations, the words of Qur'an are explained in the context of the Qur'an itself or the sayings of The Holy Prophet(ﷺ). This type of interpretation is called “Tafseer Bilmasur”.“Tafseer Dawat-Ul-Quran”is representative of Tafseer Bilmasur. In this research article, the Salient features of “Tafseer Dawat-Ul-Quran” are discussed.
The water resources of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) of Pakistan, are highly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change that can severely impact the food security and livelihood of millions living downstream. So it has become pertinent to understand the hydrometeorological behavior and assess future water resources and its variability under climate change scenarios. This study was designed to analyze the hydrometeorological trends and assess the changes in the contrasting hydrological regime of snow and glacier-fed river catchments of Hunza and Astore River basins of UIB under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenarios. In this study, fully distributed TOPKAPI model has been used that incorporates the glaciers component and generates all hydrological cycle parameters at very high spatial and temporal scale. MODIS snow cover product (years 2001 to 2015) and field-based hydrological (19662012) and meteorological data (1999-2012) was used to investigate the trend and magnitude of hydrometeorological variables using nonparametric Mann–Kendall and Sen’s Slope methods. The TOPKAPI model was successfully calibrated and validated over five years 1999-2003 with a Nash coefficient ranging from 0.93-0.94. The representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios of the IPCC were used to project the future trend of hydro-meteorological variables. The Astore River discharge and precipitation trend were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with a Sen’s slope value of 1.039 m3·s−1·yr−1 and 0.192 mm·yr−1, respectively, while the temperature was non-significantly (p ≥ 0.05) increased with the Sen’s slope value of 0.041 °C·yr−1. On the other hand, the Hunza River discharge and temperature significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased with a Sen’s slope value of −2.541 m3·s−1·yr−1 and −0.034 °C·yr−1, respectively, while precipitation showed a non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) increasing trend with a Sen’s slope value of 0.023 mm·yr−1. The snow cover in Western Himalayas (Astore River basin) and Central Karakoram region (Hunza River basin) of the UIB had a stable and slightly increasing trend with a Sen’s slope of 0.07%.yr−1 and 0.394%.yr−1, respectively. Under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, the increasing trend in mean temperature was observed in study area with a value of 0.03 °C.yr1 and 0.12 °C.yr-1, respectively. Overall the increasing trend in annual discharge of Astore River and decreasing trend of snow cover was observed under RCPs. Whereas the Hunza River basin followed the same snow cover and discharge trend under RCP 8.5 while under RCP 4.5 the snow cover is decreasing with an increasing trend of the Hunza River discharge till 2070, and then decline in discharge was observed during far future scenario. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that since both sub-basins are influenced by different climatological systems (monsoon and westerly), therefore results of those studies where UIB is treated as one unit in hydrometeorological modeling should be used with caution. Furthermore, this study can help to resolve the Karakoram anomaly and potentially be utilized to develop water policy and planning new water harvesting and storage structures, to reduce the risk of flooding.