Changing climatic conditions in combination with increasing salinity and drought stress is a real challenge in developing robust crop plants with sustainable growth and production. Pakistan is the fifth top-most grower but 11th largest producer of sugarcane. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major impediments lowering its yield. Advancements in molecular approaches provide a swift solution to alleviate these stresses. Sugarcane has complex genome and various endogenous stress responsive genes have potential to combat abiotic stresses. A novel stress responsive gene Scdr1 was charcaterized in indigenous elite sugarcane genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed prevelance of thisstress responsive gene in various monocots including maize, sorghum, wheat and rice etc. Seven indigenous sugarcane genotypes (S2003-US-127, S2006-US-272, CP-77400, CPF-246, CPF-247, S2003-US-778 and CPF-248) were grown in pots and exposed to salt stress (170 mM). Expression analysis of Scdr1 gene was carried out in the aforementioned genotypes by realtime quantitative PCR. It appeard to be salt stress inducible as expression of the gene was higher in salt treated plants as compared to plants growing under normal conditions. However, its expression was maximum in CP-77400 and minmum in genotypes CPF-246 and S2003-US-778 under salt stress. For the functional characterization and localization of the Scdr1 protein, it was translationally fused with GFP as well as co-transformed with endoplasmic reticulum fluoresent marker (CD3-959-ER-rk). Moving protein bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of N. benthamiana leaf cells under confocal laser scanning microscope but appropriate location of the protein was not traceable, perhaps owing to overexpression of the protein. Y2H cDNA library was constructed to identify the potential interactors of this stress responsive protein. It appeared to interact with the proteins involved in abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance. To validate, its role in biotic stress tolerance, red rot resistant (CPF-246, S2006-US-658) and susceptible genotypes (S2003-US-127, SPF-234) were inoculated with Colletotrichum falcatum and quantitative expression analysis was performed. Scdr1 was significantly up-regulated in resistant genotypes whereas down-regulated in susceptible genotypes. Hence, in addition to abiotic stress tolerance, Scdr1 was proposed to play some crucial role in biotic stress tolerance as well. Considering the importance of Scdr1 gene in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, it was synthetically developed and cloned under maize ubiquitin promoter (Ubi), nos terminator and was physically linked with selectable marker gene (bar) cloned under CaMV35 S promoter and terminator. Scdr1 construct (Ubi P:Scdr1:nos T::35S P:bar:35ST) was transformed into tobacco as well as in dark proliferated sugarcane calli. Bombarded calli/ leaf discs were shifted to regeneration medium supplemented with PPT. Putative transgenic plants were confirmed with PCR using maize ubiquitin promoter and nos terminator specific primers. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to seek for transcript level of the recombinant Scdr1. It appeared to be 1.4 folds higher in the transformed plants as compared with un-transformed plants of the genotype S2003-US-778.Hence, sugarcane plants with over-expression of recombinant Scdr1 gene were developed which are expected to be better tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses.
آہ! شمیم عثمانی! ایک ہونہار،ایک زندہ دل انسان، ایک مفکّرومدبّر، ادیب و دانشور، انگریزی زبان کالیکچرار، اردو زبان کاعوامی جذبات سے مزیّن شاعر،عالموں کاقدردان، عالموں کاچہیتا ، نیک دل شمیم عثمانی اپریل ۱۹۹۵ء کوذیابیطس کے شدید مرض میں مبتلا ہوکر انتقال فرماگئے۔ انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون اب ایسا کیا بتایا جائے کہ اس نیک دل، ہونہار، قابل ترین، جوان ادیب و شاعر کے کم عمری ہی میں انتقال سے کس قدر رنج ودکھ اورصدمہ ہواہے بیان سے باہر ہے، مفکّرِ ملّت حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ سے رشتہ وقربت خاص تھا اور اسی حیثیت سے مفتی صاحب قبلہؒ کی اولاد سے تعلق وربط رکھتے تھے۔ ندوۃ المصنفین اور رسالہ برہان کے سلسلے میں وہ اکثر احقر عمید الرحمن عثمانی کے لیے بڑے ہی اچھے تاثرات رکھتے تھے، کہاکرتے تھے کہ میرے لیے اس سے زیادہ مسرت وانبساط کی بات اور کیا ہوگی کہ قبلہ مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ کی یادگار کوان کے لائق فرزند عمیدالرحمن عثمانی نے قائم کررکھا ہے۔اگرموت نے مجھے پہلے لبیک کہاتو میں مفتی ؒ سے جنّت میں یہ ہی جاکر سب سے پہلے کہوں گا کہ آپ کی یادگار قائم ہے جو ملک وملّت اورعلم وادب کی خدمات انجام دے رہی ہے۔ اورعمید الرحمان عثمانی نے آپ کی شمع کو بجھنے نہیں دیا ہے۔ کس قدر خوبیوں کاانسان تھا شمیم عثمانی!جب بھی ملاقات ہوتی یادفتر برہان میں آتے تو ان کی آمدہی سے بہاریں رقص کرنے لگتیں۔باتیں ان کی ایسی ہوتیں جس سے احساس ہوتاکہ پھولوں کی بارش ہورہی ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم شمیم عثمانی کی بال بال مغفرت فرمائے اوران کوجنت الفردوس میں اعلیٰ سے اعلیٰ مقام عطا کرے۔ ان کے متعلقین کوصبرجمیل عطا فرمائے۔ آمین ثم آمین۔ ادارہ برہان وندوۃ المصنفین دہلی شمیم عثمانی کے انتقال پراظہار تعزیت کرتا ہے۔ مرحوم کی ایک بیوہ اورایک لڑکا بعمر ۲۲ سال ہے۔اﷲ...
Background and Aim: In today sports such as volleyball and basketball, Vertical Jump is considered as important component that enhance the performance of athlete. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of muscle energy technique on vertical jump performance in volleyball and basketball players.
Methodology: This Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted at Islamic International University Islamabad. Twenty-nine athletes of age 18 – 35 playing basketball and volley as part time/domestic level were included. Post isometric relaxation technique was applied on group A (n=15) and static stretching was applied on group B (n=14). Surface electromyography activity of quadriceps and abdominal muscle was recorded, Stable time, airtime and vertical jump height were measured using two-axis force platform and vertical jump height was measured by motion sensor. Measurements were taken at baseline and immediately after applying interventions to both groups. Data entry and analysis were done by using software SPSS version 22.
Results: Of the 29 athletes, 15 were in the group A and 14 were in the group B. Immediate assessment of vertical jump height was not significantly improved by post-isometric relaxation relative to static stretching (p=0.594). Muscle recruitment, ground reaction and vertical jump height improved apparently after post isometric relaxation but not significantly.
Conclusion: It appears that post isometric relaxation and static stretching of quadriceps shows no significant difference in vertical jump height.
Thisresearch investigated the effect of four components of retail store environment (light, employees, layout
and music) and shopping enjoyment tendency on impulse buying behavior. The data were obtained using
convenient sampling technique from 214 customers. Mall intercept survey was used to collect data from
different retail stores in the city of Faisalabad. SPSS 20.0 software version was used for data analysis. Different
statistical methods such as Frequency Distribution, Correlation, Regression analysis and Cronbach alpha were
used for analyzing the data in this research. The mediation analysis was conducted by Baron and Kenny (1986).
Findings revealed that store environment drove impulse buying through urge. Results also showed that
individual variable shopping enjoyment tendency influenced impulse buying through urge. Moreover, this
research has some limitation as list of antecedents of impulse buying, and to the outcomes of store
environment. From a managerial viewpoint, retail managers should invest in improving the store environment
to increase the level of impulse buying in their stores. Specifically, they need to focus on enhancing friendliness
of store employees, playing appropriate music, designing proper layouts and having well-lit stores to encourage
impulse buying.