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Home > Characterization of Commerical Lipase from Indigenous Fungal Strains and Biomass

Characterization of Commerical Lipase from Indigenous Fungal Strains and Biomass

Thesis Info

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Author

Rashid, Robina

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Gujrat

City

Gujrat

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Biochemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13351/1/Robina%20rashid%20biochemistry%202020%20uni%20of%20gujrat%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725681868

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In this study, lipases were isolated from two locally screened fungal strains i.e. Aspergillus crevinus and Aspergillus niger, optimized statistically and purified via fractionation of ammonium sulfate and through Sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography. Lipases of A. crevinus and A. niger were 2.26-fold and 2.51-fold purified, having a specific activity of 223.60 U/mg and 233.66 U/mg, respectively. The molecular masses were estimated as 60 kDa for both strains by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The maximum lipase activities of both strains were shown at 4 % (W/V) alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CTS). The uniform size 2.0 ±0.25 mm diameter of chitosan-alginate (CTS-ALG) beads was developed by using ultrasonically dispersed 2.0 % (W/V) chitosan and alginate with 0.5 % (W/V) glutaraldehyde by means of macromolecular crosslinking agents. The detergent compatibility, leather dehairing purposes, removal of fat and grease, and estimation of triglyceride hydrolysis, various parameters were recorded .The effect of temperature, pH , substrate concentration, incubation period, modulators, activators and inhibitors, solvents, stabilizers, and surfactant on purified free (PF) lipase, CTSimmobilized, and combined CTS-ALG-immobilized lipase fractions, and reusability profile of CTS-immobilized lipase of both strains were investigated. The CTSimmobilized lipase fractions of both strains were optimally active and stable at temperature (30-55 °C) and pH (5-11). The stability of CTS-immobilized and CTSALG-immobilized lipases of both strains was increased as compared to PF lipase. Subsequently incubation for 75 min, CTS-ALG-LAC3 (chitosan-alginate lipase A. crevinus) retained > 95% activity at temperature 75 °C and pH 8.0, and CTS-ALG-LAN3 (chitosanalginate lipase A. niger) also retained >90 % activity at pH 9.0 and temperature 65 °C. The present work engrossed on the utilization of recently formed CTS-ALG immobilized lipases for industrial. It is suitable additive in detergents, rendering its latent candidature for tannery and leather industry.
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مواد کی اہمیت، مواد کی اقسام، مواد کی فراہمی کے ذرائع

موضوع3:مواد کی اہمیت، مواد کی اقسام، مواد کی فراہمی کے ذرائع
مواد کیا ہے؟
مواد عربی لفظ "مادہ" کی جمع ہے۔ اس کے معنی رسالہ، سامان اوراسبا ب کے ہیں۔علمی اصطلاح میں مواد سے مراد وہ اسباب ہیں جو محقق تحقیق کے دوران استعمال میں لاتا ہے۔مواد کا متبادل لفظ موازنہ ہے یہ بھی عربی کا لفظ ہے جس کے لغوی معنی ضروری چیزیں یا سامان ،میٹریل کے ہیں۔Contentاور ڈیٹا کے انگریزی الفاظ بھی مواد کے متبادل کے طورپر مستعمل ہیں۔لفظ میٹیریل بالعموم مادی اشیاء کے لیے ڈیٹا، اعداد و شمار ، Contentاور نفس مضمون کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
مواد کی اہمیت:
تحقیق کسی بھی شعبے میں ہو مواد کے بغیر ممکن ہی نہیں بلکہ کئی ایک ماہرین کا مانناہے کہ تحقیق کی گاڑی مواد کے ایندھن کے بغیر چل ہی نہیں سکتی اور مواد ہی محقق کے غور و فکر کی بنیاد ہوتا ہے۔ پروفیسر عبدالستار دلوی کے مطابق:
’’خالص مواد کی شکل خام مال کی طرح ہوتی ہے۔ اسی خام ما ل سے تجزیہ ، درجہ بندی اور تحقیق کے ذریعہ نتائج اور عام اصول وضع کیے جاتے ہیں۔‘‘
مواد کی فراہمی تحقیق میں کافی اہمیت کی حامل ہے۔ اس کا سارا بار ایک ریسرچ اسکالر کو خود ہی اٹھانا پڑتا ہے۔ خلیق انجم نے اپنے ایک مضمون ’ادبی تحقیق اور حقائق‘ میں لکھا ہے:
"ایک محقق کو سب سے پہلے یہ معلوم کرنا ہوگا کہ موضوع سے متعلق کیا مواد ہے؟ کہاں ہے؟ اور کیسے فراہم کیا جاسکتا ہے؟"
مواد کی فراہمی کے سلسلے میں محقق کو شہد کی مکھی سے تعبیر کیا گیا ہے کہ جس طرح شہد کی مکھیاں مختلف پھولوں کارس چوس کر شہد بناتی ہیں ،اسی طرح ایک محقق کو بھی مختلف ماخذوں کو حاصل کر کے اپنی تحقیق کو بہترین بنانا پڑے گا تب جاکر وہ تحقیق...

امام محمد اور ان کی قرآن فہمی

If any nation has right to be proud of its inheritance of concern and religion so followers of Islam deserve of its glorious inheritance of concern or concentration which is according to international investment enlists the unique and individual employment in the history of human. Its infrastructure, core concern, flexibility, exclusive law ideology, judiciary, common and uncommon solution contains unique supremacy. The base of such amazing and awesome international investment depends on fundamental legislative of Quran. Therefore, such accumulated ideology of all investment, although having opposition and distance owes the struggle and efforts of plenty of religious scholars (Fuqha) who proved surpassing sincerity for the services of knowledge. Imam Muhammad Bin Hassan Shebani the first of these (Fiqah People)eligious scholars who compressed (Islamic Fiqah) Islamic scholars teaching in such an educational way as none of other did it. He left us such a memorable priceless and valuable inheritance which crystal clear proof that he was having the thoughtful legislative mind and had profuse passion of gaining knowledge though he faced massive difficulties even spent his money to acquire knowledge. Besides such prestige and wisdom he was well-versed in Fiqah (deep thinking). His knowledge and services of Fiqah can be manipulated by his figurative and descriptive books which are real assets and fundamental ideology of followers of Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin alhasan alshaibai recently in the explanation ofKitab ullah Imam Muhammad was not uncommon writer that is why he was as much famous but Imam Muhammad was supposed to be best scholar of it.

Efficacy Studies of Zinc Fortified Edible Coated Apricots

In present investigation, apricots from locally grown ‘Sufeda’ variety were treated with edible coatings; chitosan and alginate @ 1 and 2% levels along with zinc salts fortification i.e. zinc sulfate and zinc chloride @ 30 and 50 ppm concentration. The compositional analysis showed that apricot is a good source of protein, fiber, calcium and potassium. The zinc fortified chitosan coated apricots showed better control over weight & moisture loss, TSS contents, pH & acidity, organic acids and sugars as compared to alginate based coatings. Similarly, chitosan coatings were efficient in the distribution and adsorption of zinc to the apricot surface as contrast to alginate ones. The edible coated zinc fortified apricots were affected significantly during storage as exhibited by their physico-chemical analyses. The results depicted that the maximum zinc contents of fortified coated apricot was noticed in T12 (2% chitosan containing with 50 ppm ZnSO4) 4.83±0.24mg/100g followed by T16 (2% chitosan containing with 50 ppm ZnCl2) 4.82±0.21mg/100g, T4 (2% alginate containing with 50 ppm ZnSO4) 4.78±0.23mg/100g and T8 (2% alginate containing with 50 ppm ZnCl2) 4.77±0.12mg/100g, respectively as contrast to T0 (control) 0.26±0.02mg/100g. The sensory response of the fortified edible coated apricots was remained within range during storage. Afterwards, efficacy study was carried out in rabbits through two consecutive trials I & II for the validity of results. On the basis of in vitro analysis, HPLC characterization (citric & ascorbic acid and sugars) and zinc contents in edible coated zinc fortified apricots, four best treatments two from each coatings having different zinc salts T4, T8, T12 and T16 alongside control (unfortified apricots) were selected for the bio-evaluation trial. The consumption of zinc fortified chitosan and alginate coated apricots imparted substantial effect on feed & drink intake and body & organs weights during entire study. Likewise, serum and organs zinc contents of experimental rabbits were significantly improved by the provision of zinc fortified apricots with maximum serum zinc was observed in G3 (apricot containing 2% chitosan coating with 50 ppm ZnSO4), G1 (apricot containing 2% alginate coating with 50 ppm ZnSO4) G4 (apricot containing 2% chitosan coating with 50 ppm ZnCl2) and G2 (apricot containing 2% alginate coating with 50 ppm ZnCl2) as 89.71±2.26, 87.43±2.14, 83.51±2.41 and 81.49±2.46μg/dL, respectively as comparison to G0 as 72.56±2.85μg/dL. The percent increase in serum zinc was 24.63, 20.50, 15.09 and 12.31% in G3, G1, G4 and G2, respectively as comparison to G0. Similarly, liver zinc was noticed as 23.97±1.41, 23.71±1.15, 23.53±1.28 and 23.36±1.45μg/g in G3, G1, G4 and G2 as contrast to G0 by 22.42±1.36μg/g. Whilst in heart, maximum zinc was 17.59±0.55, 17.46±0.54, 17.22±0.42 and 17.18±0.46μg/g in G3, G1, G4 and G2 whereas, minimum in G0 as 17.11±0.50μg/g. Whereas in kidney, zinc contents in G3, G1, G4 and G2 were noticed as 25.18±1.23, 24.97±1.56, 24.65±1.11 and 24.40±1.30μg/g in association to G0 23.53±1.47μg/g. Results showed that percent increase in liver, heart and kidney zinc were 6.91, 2.84, 7.03 (G3); 5.72, 2.08, 6.12 (G1); 4.95, 0.66, 4.76 (G4) and 4.19, 0.43, 3.68% (G2), respectively compared to G0. The attenuation in serum glucose of rabbits is an indicator for the positive impact of zinc salts fortification on this trait. The lowest serum glucose was 111.79±4.48mg/dL in G3 nevertheless, maximum serum insulin 9.38±0.51μU/mL was observed in the same group. Similarly, the values for liver and kidney functions tests were within the normal range showing the safety of zinc fortified edible coated apricots. The hematological traits of rabbit’s blood also demonstrated normal values for red & white blood cell indices. From instant exploration, it is deduced that zinc fortification through edible coating is a pragmatic choice to overcome hidden hunger with special reference to zinc.