Maize germs from six promising locally grown hybrids, namely Poineer-32-F-10 (P-1), Poineer-32-B-33 (P-2), Monsanto-6142 (M-1), Monsanto-6525 (M-2), Rafhan- 2331 (R-1) and commercial were characterized for proximate composition, selected minerals, amino acid & fatty acid profiles and tocopherols. Based on the germ recovery and compositional analysis, one best hybrid germ, Pioneer 32-F-10 (P-1), was selected for further analysis and product development. Refined maize germ oil (MGO) from selected hybrid, was analyzed for various physical and chemical characteristics. The MGO was evaluated for cake preparation through blending with normal shortening at different levels. Moreover, defatted maize germ (DMG) meal was subjected to biological and safety evaluation using Sprague Dawley rats. Later, DMG flour was blended with wheat flour in different combinations; evaluated for functional properties, textural analysis (SMS Texture Analyzer) and Farinographic behavior. Flour blends were further used to develop value-added products like bread and cookies. Germ recovery from the experimental hybrids ranged from 6.31-7.68%, while the highest germ yield was observed in P-1 hybrid. Germ samples were found to be nutrient dense; crude protein 16.34-20.96%, crude fat 32.10-38.80%, crude fiber 2.63-4.79%, ash 3.08-4.94%, α-tocopherol 4.63-9.68 mg/100g and γ-tocopherol 29.52-35.51 mg/100g. The germ samples were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.74- 58.00 g/100g) and essential amino acids (33.30-39.04 g/100g). Additionally, in germ samples, minerals like P (1.06-1.79 g/100g), K (1.19-1.64 g/100g), Mg (0.43- 0.78 g/100g) and Fe (9.08-14.46 mg/100g) were in substantial amount. MGO from selected germ (P-1) was successfully incorporated in cake recipe with high sensory quality. Defatted maize germ (DMG) meal was found to be considerable source of protein (32.1%), dietary fiber (31.87%) and allied minerals. In the experimental rats, in-vivo protein quality of DMG flour was: 87.10±0.78% true digestibility, 76.70±1.25% net protein utilization, 88.06±o.67% biological value, 5.12±0.21 net protein ratio and 2.15±0.03 protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher than that of wheat-based diet and comparable with casein. Favorable impact of DMG flour on serum biochemical profile was observed; cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and glucose levels decreased up to 6.80, 12.45, 16.19 and 6.50 %, respectively. DMG flour resulted in improvement of functional properties of DMG flour-wheat flour blends with special reference to improved water & oil absorption capacity, gelling and emulsion properties; revealed its worth in food preparations. Protein and fiber enriched cookies and breads were prepared up to 15% wheat flour substitution with DMG flour. Consumer response to purchase defatted maize germ flour fortified cookies was very positive e.g. 64% of the respondents said that they would prefer to purchase.
سِک ماہی دی جہلم دے دریا دا ٹھنڈا ٹھنڈا پانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے دلبر ساتھوں دور ہے وسدا ناز ، ادا تھیں دلڑی کھسدا رستہ رب رسولؐ دا دسدا آجا در تے چھیتی جے قسمت ازمانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے دلبر دی میں دید دی پیاسی دلبر باہجھوں رہے اداسی کدوں اوہ سوہنا مکھ وکھاسی ہک دن ماہی اِن شاء اللہ دید کرانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے دلبر یار دا شہر سنگوئی جس دی جگ وچ ریس ناں کوئی پیر اصغر دی دیو دھروئی جس نے اُس دا ورد پکایا اوہو مرد گیانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
جہلم شہر ہے بڑا رنگیلا اوگنہاراں دا اے وسیلہ اوتھے جان دا کر کجھ حیلہ عیباں والڑیاں دی تے ہو بخشش جانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے ٹلے جوگی ریت بنائی رانجھا آیا تلک لگائی چنڑی رنگدیاں دیر نہ لائی سجناں ریت قلندری ایہا بہت پرانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے ’’ڈھوک رجو‘‘ ہے پنڈ نرالا جتھے وسدا اللہ والا میلے دلاں نوں کرے اُجالا کامل اکمل سوہنا مرشد جس دا فیض روحانی اے لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
Divorce seems to be more socially accepted nowadays and it is the most won issue in the modern world. Divorce in the family always signals dangers and insecurity in the society. Findings have indicated that divorce has negative impact on spouses as well as the development of children in the society, and it leads to number of social problems such as prostitution by young ladies. It will be difficult for a woman to cater for all the basic needs of the child single handedly. It will grow up demoralized. He suffers different types of deprivations including parental love, care and affection. Such children grow up humiliated and heartless. They resort to various crimes such as robbery, rope, arson and other related wrong doings. It is also observed that, divorce has a negative impact on man too, men cannot really make their feelings vocal. The stress involved in the divorce can cause lack of sleep, depression, fatigue and listlessness; a divorce can have numerous psychological implications as well. The methodological approach used in this paper is descriptive, prescriptive and annalistic; meanwhile the method of data collection is historical and empirical.
This study set out to explore the principal's role in creating conditions for teachers to undertake leadership roles. Traditionally, school principals keep all the important tasks to themselves and do not trust teachers for their leadership capabilities. Proponents of teacher leadership highlight that teachers can enact leadership roles within and beyond their classrooms. The study argues that teachers can perform leadership roles if the supportive conditions are made available to them. Within the qualitative research paradigm, case study research method was employed as a viable research methodology. Data collection was done over a period of six weeks through in-depth interviews with the principal and selected teachers. Data was also collected through observation of principal's involvement in school routine activities and pattern of work in the office. Smaller group meetings were also observed. Additionally, documents were also analyzed. The findings of the study suggest that the principal's strategic leadership approach has been significant in creating administrative, academic and professional conditions within which teachers are enacting leadership roles according to their expertise. By creating multiple leadership roles in each dimension, the principal has been able to provide leadership opportunities to all the teachers. The principal's role as a monitor, a supporter and a trust builder has helped him to ensure the effective enactment of leadership roles by the teachers. The study is distinctive in its nature, because it investigated an area that is not researched enough in developing countries like Pakistan. Principals of schools can raise the morale and status of teachers by trusting them as capable individuals for performing leadership roles. The conclusions of the study suggest that school principals can accomplish diverse tasks through the involvement of teachers as credible leaders in their own capacities and expertise. The bottom line in the accomplishment of tasks and enactment of leadership roles effectively and efficiently is recognizing and trusting teachers as capable individuals.