Home > Characterization of Molecular and Epidemiological Factors in Relation to Resistance Against Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease and its Management
Characterization of Molecular and Epidemiological Factors in Relation to Resistance Against Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease and its Management
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is the most destructive virus which causes severe yield losses in mungbean and transmitted by whitefly. MYMV was present in the major mungbean cultivated areas of Punjab which greatly affect the mungbean production and is a major constraint in mungbean low yield. A mungbean germplasm collection consisting of 127 genotypes were screened against MYMV. Only three genotypes viz., NM2011, NM2006 and AZRI-06 showed resistance response during both years. Three lines 07007, 98001 and 014322 were identified with moderately resistance response against MYMV. These should be included in future breeding program. Results of molecular characterization showed that genotypes differ in their genetic makeup as well as in field response against MYMV. During RAPD analysis minimum similarity was shown for genotypes 8008 and Azri-06, while the maximum similarity was shown for genotype NM-54 with NM-92. In SSR analysis, minimum similarity was shown for genotypes 8008 and Azri-06, while the maximum similarity was shown by genotypes NM-54 and NM-92. SCAR markers linked with MYMV resistance gene produced the desired amplification in resistant and moderately resistant genotypes and no bands were observed in highly susceptible genotypes. Environmental factors were significantly correlated with disease development, maximum temperature, wind speed were negatively correlated with disease incidence and minimum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and whitefly population showed positive correlation with disease incidence. Regression analysis depicted that 83% of the disease variability was due to maximum, minimum temperatures, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed. For the management of MYMV disease maximum control was achieved by use of imidacloprid, followed by combination of macro and micro nutrients (NPK, Fe,Zn,B), minimum control of disease was achieved by garlic. For the control of whitefly population, again imidacloprid gave the best results, followed by acetamiprid. The results of the present study could be used for future mungbean breeding program and genotypes that gave tolerant response could be recommended to farmers with application of imidacloprid followed by macro and micro nutrients in order to avoid the heavy losses caused by MYMV.
آہ! جناب حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی مرحوم جناب حکیم عبدالقوی دریا بادی کے انتقال کی خبر دارالمصنفین میں نہایت غم و اندوہ کے ساتھ سنی گئی۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ جنوری ۱۹۱۳ء میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، اب ۷۹ برس کی حیات مستعار کے بعد جب انھوں نے رخت سفر باندھا تو محسوس ہوا کہ علم، ادب، صحافت اور طبابت ہی نہیں شرافت، مروت، وضعداری، سادگی، فروتنی اور عجز و انکسار کا ایک پیکر مجسم رخصت ہوگیا۔ مرحوم دریاباد کے اس معزز قدوائی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، جس کو دینداری، علم و فضل اور طب و حکمت میں غیر معمولی امتیاز حاصل تھا، اس خانوادے کے جدا مجد خواجہ محمد آبکشؒ، مفتی مظہر کریم اسیرانڈمان و صاحبِ فتاویٰ مظہریہ و مترجم مراصد الاطلاع اور شفاء الملک محسن طب حکیم عبدالحسیب دریا بادی کے سلسلۃ الذہب کی سب سے روشن و تابدار کڑی مولانا عبدالماجد دریا بادیؒ کی ذات گرامی تھی جو اردو ادب کے آسمان پر آفتاب بن کر چمکے، حکیم صاحب مولانا مرحوم کے داماد اور ان کے بڑے بھائی عبدالمجید صاحب مرحوم ڈپٹی کلکٹر کے سب سے بڑے صاحبزادے تھے، ڈپٹی صاحب نیک نام سرکاری عہدیدار ہونے کے علاوہ علم و ادب اور شعر و سخن کا بھی ستھرا اور اعلا ذوق رکھتے تھے۔ حکیم صاحب والد سے زیادہ اپنے نامور عم محترم کی تربیت اور سایۂ عاطفت میں رہے، دس برس کی عمر میں حفظ قرآن مجید کی نعمت سے بہرہ ور ہونے کے بعد عربی فارسی کی تعلیم حاصل کی، عربی ادب کی تعلیم انھوں نے مولانا خلیل عرب سے حاصل کی جو مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی کے بھی استاذ تھے، دونوں بزرگوں کے درمیان رشتہ اخوت و محبت کا آغاز اسی ہمدرسی کے زمانہ میں ہوا جو تمام عمر اس طرح استوار رہا کہ حکیم صاحب کی نماز جنازہ مولانا...
To general public, all videos are perceived to be true, but they may not have probative value in the Court of law. The undertaken article analyzes the admissibility and probative value of a video presented as evidence before a court in the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan (CJSP). It analyzes the relevant law and diagnoses the problems with the video evidence through the lens of the judgments of Superior Courts. The court of law objectively ascertains that a video presented as evidentiary means bears significant relevance to the fact in question. It must be admissible under the law, and it must be proved to be genuine. To fill up the gap between a “Video” and a “Video Evidence”, there is a process, which is known as video authentication. It determines that the video contents are genuine, authentic, credible, unaltered, untampered and unfabricated. The study discusses various modes of video authentication. Precedents set by superior courts of Pakistan show that convictions have been made once the courts are satisfied with the credibility of video evidence. In the court of law, video evidence is normally presented after the completion of prosecution evidence. The video is played in court and is watched by the presence. But the researcher establishes that such process does not have legal justification. The article suggests that it would be legal and proper for the prosecution to produce the video evidence through the witness, during his evidence, who is either victim, witness, recorded and/or copied the video directly from original source such as C.C.T.V system and that witness would be subjected to cross examination.
Study of Mathematical Models for Blood Flow Through Arterial Stenosis In this dissertation investigations are carried out for steady two-dimensional motion of an incompressible Newtonian and second grade fluid through the channel and tube. The hemodynamic behavior of blood flow is analyzed in the presence of an arterial stenosis. In the present study Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates are considered respectively for the flow in the channel and in an axisymmetric tube with heat transfer having stenosis of cosine shape. Length of stenosis is assumed to be large as compared to the semi width of the channel or the radius of the tube. The basic governing equations are the Navier-Stokes equations which are reduced to stream function formulation by using transformation. In the last two chapters blood is assumed to behave as an isothermal Oldroyd-B fluid through the channel and tube. By eliminating pressure gradient term form momentum equations, compatibility equation is obtained. The resulting compatibility and energy equations are highly nonlinear and solved analytically with the help of two methods namely the regular perturbation method (RPM) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). In case of regular perturbation method δ, which is the ratio of semi width of the channel or radius of the tube to the length of the channel or tube, is considered as a small parameter. The solutions thus obtained from the present analysis are represented in terms of streamlines, wall shear stress, zero wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature distribution on blood flow through stenosed channel and tube. Its worthy to mention that results presented in this dissertation are compared with already published results which ensures good agreement. It is found that wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature increases with the development of stenosis and causing separation and reattachment points in the region. It is found that even at low xiiivelocity separation is observed, if the thickness of the stenosis is increased. Detailed discussion and graphical representations are also provided.