EFFICACY OF EXERCISE-BASED TECHNIQUES TO TREAT STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN FEMALES EXCEPT FOR KEGELS TECHNIQUE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LATEST EVIDENCE

Background of the study: Urinary incontinence is a physically challenging and socially incapacitating situation with a loss of self-confidence. This study aims to narrate the latest literature on the efficacy of novel exercise-based techniques to treat stress urinary incontinence except the traditional exercise using Kegel’s method. Methodology: The electronic searching was done using Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and BMC journals for the latest available at least three articles, including novel exercise regimes to treat stress urinary incontinence. The included techniques are Pilates, Paula Method, and the abdominal Hypopressive exercise technique. All the articles were analyzed, and their results are compiled in tabulated form in this narrative review. Results: All the approaches like Pilates, Paula, and Hypopressive abdominal exercises are effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. None of the regimes was found to be completely ineffective; however, the range of usefulness may vary. Conclusion: This study asserts the ideology of inclusion of new therapies into clinical practice keeping in mind their latest literature-based evidence.

Hrd As a Set of Generic Activities Associated With Learning Leading to a Learning Organization: A Case of Mobilink, Pakistan.

The purpose of the study was to determine that whether employed Human Resource Development (HRD) activities turn an organization into a learning organization (LO) or not, particularly in context of Pakistan?s telecom sector. Data were collected from Mobilink, market leader of telecom sector of Pakistan, through questionnaire designed by Marsick and Watkins (2003), semi-structured personal and telephonic interviews and non-participant observation. It was found that HRD activities implemented in organization can serve as a great source to be a learning organization when these activities ensure holistic learning at individual level, team/group level and organizational level in a culture and climate of learning reinforced by strategic leadership.