مولانا مفتی عبداللطیف
افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینہ مولانامفتی عبداللطیف صاحب کا علی گڑھ میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم عوام میں مشہور نہ تھے لیکن ارباب علم کے طبقہ میں بڑی بلند شخصیت رکھتے تھے۔ استاذ العلماء مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب کے ارشد تلامذہ میں سے تھے۔ علوم دینیہ میں بڑی پختہ استعداد اورایک خاص درک وبصیرت کے مالک تھے۔ سالہاسال جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد میں شعبۂ دینیات کے صدررہے، وہاں سے سبکدوش ہوکر علی گڑھ آگئے اوریہاں بھی یہی خدمت انجام دینے لگے، آخراس سے بھی سبکدوش ہوکر خانہ نشین ہوگئے۔ مگر مطالعہ اوردرس کامشغلہ آخر تک جاری رہا، چھوٹے بڑے چند رسالے اور دو ایک کتابیں بھی لکھی ہیں۔ اٹھاسی برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی مگر قویٰ خاص طورپر دماغ آخر وقت تک کام کرتے رہے۔باطنی احوال وکوائف سے بھی ناآشنا نہیں تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت و رحمت کی بیش ازبیش نعمتوں سے سرفرازفرمائے۔آمین [جنوری۱۹۶۰ء]
Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakhtan’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.
The study in hand is empirical in nature. It attempts to investigate the significance and the effectiveness of the 2semi-bilingual English to English and Urdu dictionary (EEUD) in catering the needs of the advanced learners of English in Pakistan. The study also explores the1purposes and the contexts of the use of semi-bilingual EEUD. Besides, the merits and demerits of the EEUDs, currently available in Pakistan form part of this research. The triangulation method of data collection has been used 3to find the answers to the research questions. The protocol study, similar in design applied by Diab (1990), has been used to find out different uses of semi-bilingual EEUD. Furthermore, following Hartman (1983), Kipfer (1985), Iqbal (1987), Diab (1990); two separate questionnaires have been used to collect information from four hundred advanced level learners of English and twenty-five teachers. Follow up interviews have also been conducted randomly as a supporting tool. In order 140to find the merits and demerits of the currently available semi-bilingual EEUDs, their review analysis has been provided. The analyses reveal that a large majority of the learners use semi- bilingual EEUD for a variety of purposes. They feel more at ease while using the semi- bilingual EEUD than any other type of dictionary. The learners use this type of dictionary as their first choice, and only in situations where they do not find the required information in the EEUD; they use other types of dictionaries, mainly the monolingual English to English dictionary. Unlike the learners of English, the teachers are divided in their opinion about the role and use of semi-bilingual EEUD. The documentary analysis of the existing dictionaries suggests that the currently available semi-bilingual dictionaries have certain drawbacks in their macro- and microstructures, which need to be improved to meet the needs of the learners and to come up to the level of standard lexicography. The research produces a model for the production of a perfect semibilingual EEUD which could fulfil the 67needs of the advanced level learners of English in Pakistan.