آدمی ہیں بے شمار مگرانسان کوئی نہیں
بسکہ دشوار ہے ہر کام کا آساں ہونا
آدمی کو بھی میسر نہیں انساں ہونا
اس کائنات میں رنگینیاں ہی رنگینیاں ہیں، کہیں صحراء ہیں کہیں دریا ہیں، کہیں شجر ہیں تو کہیں حجر ہیں ،کہیں ندی نالے ہیں جو موتیوں کی طرح چمکنے والے پانی کو کھیتوں کھلیانوں میں پہچانے کے لیے رواں دواں ہیں، کہیں فلک بوس پہاڑ ہیں جو سیاحوں کی نظر اپنی جانب مبذول کروارہے ہیں۔ فلک پرکواکب اپنی سج دھج دینے سے موجود ہیں ، ماہتاب و آفتاب مفوضہ فریضہ سرانجام دینے کے لیے پرعزم ہیں۔
جملہ مخلوقات اپنی اپنی جگہ پر انتہائی اہمیت کی حامل ہے لیکن’’ احسن تقویم‘‘ اور اشرف المخلوقات کا تاج اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کے سر سجایا ہے ، شرف انسانی کی خلعت فاخرہ انسان ہی نے زیب تن کی ہے۔ میدان شرف و بزرگی کا شاہسوار انسان ہی کو بنایا ہے، آسمانِ رفعت کا آفتاب و ماہتاب انسان ہی ہے۔ انسان جب انسانیت کی خصوصیات سے مزیّن ومرصعّ ہوتا ہے تو فرشتوں کو اس پر رشک آتا ہے۔ بقول شاعر
فرشتے سے بہتر ہے انسان بننا!
مگر اس میں پڑتی ہے محنت زیادہ
انسان کا مادہ انس ہے، جس کا مفہوم محبت پیار اور خلوص نکلتا ہے، اگر کوئی بظاہر انسان دکھائی دے رہا ہے، اس کے اعضائے جسمانی اس کے انسان ہونے پر دلالت کر رہے ہیں، دیکھنے والی دو آنکھیں ، سننے والے دوکان اور بولنے والی زبان یہ سب اعضاء اس کے انسان ہونے کا پتہ بتارہے ہیں کہ یہ انسان ہے ،لیکن اہل لُب کے نزدیک وہ انسان انسان نہیں جس کی شکل و صورت انسانوں والی ہو بلکہ وہ انسان انسان ہے جس کے کام انسانوں والے ہوں اور جو انسانیت کی معراج پر فائز ہو، صاف ستھرا لباس ہے، قد...
Contemporary secular Switzerland has been polarised by more than two decades of anti-Muslim sentiments, conveyed through misrepresentative narratives by some politicians and media, ‘otherising’ Islam and Muslim-related issues. This polarised environment may have triggered ambivalent impacts on the personal development of Swiss-born Muslims Consequently, I suggest that they live in an ambivalent position, where their status as Muslim is not fully acknowledged and their belonging to Switzerland still questioned. Indeed, this article will explore the following research question: How do some young Swiss-born Muslim adults construct their subjectivities and experiences linked to Islam in their daily lives in contemporary Switzerland? The research methodology of this focused ethnography draws on various semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with several young Swiss Muslim men and women. The paper focuses on (a) Switzerland’s socio-cultural and political context and (b) the various ways this study’s research partners construct their ambivalent subjectivities through the analysis of their individual trajectories and narratives. It concludes that young Swiss Muslim adults formulate and produce alternative narratives, in order to make sense of their lives and accommodate various layers of identification in contemporary Switzerland. Eventually some recommendations for further research are formulated.
There are several natural biological products, which are effective to trigger immune responses in animals and human beings. In this regard, various plant species are considered to be potent natural biological products and their efficacy has been reported in various animal models. In the present study, Aloe (A.) vera derived biomolecules including polysaccharides and proteins were isolated and characterized as biological response modifiers and their subsequent protective effects against coccidiosis in chickens. A total of 640 chicks were randomly divided into two main treatment groups namely A (polysaccharides) and B (proteins), each containing 320 chicks. Each group was administered orally with the graded doses of polysaccharides and proteins for three consecutive days i.e. day 5th, 6th and 7th of age. Cellular immune responses were assessed for in vivo and in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), Concanavalin-A (Con-A) respectively and Carbon particle clearance assay. Humoral immune responses were detected by microplate haemagglutination assay on 7th and 14th days post primary and secondary injections of sheep red blood cells. Weekly weight gains and feed conversion ratios were also calculated. For therapeutic studies chickens were challenged with mixed Eimeria species on 14th day post administration of A. vera biomolecules. Results revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P and Con-A in chickens administered with A. vera biomolecules as compared to control. Carbon particle clearance assay showed significantly higher clearance index (K) in control group than all biomolecules administered groups and phagocytic index (α) showed significantly higher response in all three biomolecules administered groups as compared to control. Significantly higher total Igs, IgG and IgM titers were also detected in groups administered with A. vera biomolecules. Biomolecules administered chickens showed better feed conversion ratios and significantly higher (p<0.05) weekly weight gains as compared to control. In challenge experiment maximum protection 70% and 57.5% were observed in polysaccharides and proteins administered groups, respectively. Significantly lower oocysts per gram of droppings, lesser lesion scores, better weight gains and higher anticoccidial index were observed in biomolecules administered groups. From the current study, it was concluded that A. vera derived biomolecules have the potential to be used as immunotherapeutic agent(s) in poultry and can be commercialized.