اسلامی نظام اقتصاد کی اخلاقیات تجارت ومعیشت میں دینی و اخلاقی اقدار کی اہمیت کے حوالے سے علمی و تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam is a holistic and comprehensive system of life because the Creator of universe has given the instructions that are eternal and are perfect guide for humanity in all ages and circumstances. Islamic teachings are consistent with the comprehensive nature. Those instructions that human being has given for all walks of life in that the elements of morality is distinct and dominant and prohibited every act that is harmful to others. This fact is quite clear that the moral aspect of Islam is so important to consider the ethics of Islam has taken into consideration and there is no command to be out of the realm of ethics and particularly matters of life which is part of religion and are important aspect of society. Islamic teachings are so clear that there is no example of it in any economic system the world. Today we have different economic systems in the world which essentially teach us that the purpose of human life is to make money and collect goods even if affects the lives of others. But in Islamic economic world it is emphasized that this world is not the original house and satisfactory zone of human being and his purpose is not to collect wealth but the worship of Almighty. Human being is gifted fair system of order in every aspect of which there is clearly ethics thus human is strictly prohibited to collect money through unfair means and in cruel manners. In this article we will discuss the ethical consideration of Islamic economical system. So it is quite clear that the guarantor of peace, love and harmony in the world is Islamic system.

Attitudes and Intentions of Entrepreneurs: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and Thailand

Entrepreneurship is an energetic process for the creation of a new business or venture. Today, it has the central role in developed and developing economies which are facing big challenges such as globalization, population explosion, poor social development, economic competition and downturns. This research investigates an individual’s attitudes and intentions towards entrepreneurship. With the support of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a theoretical framework has been developed. This study proposes descriptive methodology in which cross-sectional data is collected from the students of public sector universities of Pakistan and Thailand. By applying a survey questionnaire, 700 bachelor and master degree students have been handed over questionnaires through personal visits, emails, post mail, and Survey Monkey in Pakistan and Thailand respectively. The response rate was 60.28% and 59.85% respectively. After cleaning the data, 385 samples from Pakistan and 392 from Thailand were used for final usage. By applying the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for windows, overall reliability of survey questionnaire was 0.803 and 0.750 respectively. Statistical results obtained through Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis show that attitude towards behavior and subjective norms have positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurship intention in both the countries. However, perceived behavioral control has positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurship intentions in Thailand and not significant relationship in Pakistan. Further, analysis shows that need for achievement, self-esteem, personal control and innovation capability has positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurship attitude in Pakistan and Thailand except self-esteem in Thailand. By applying mean score, data shows that attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, need for achievement, selfesteem, personal control and innovation capability are not stronger in Pakistan than in Thailand. However, a subjective norm is stronger in Pakistani individuals than Thais. This study may contribute to entrepreneurship literature and the TPB theory. Furthermore, this research may support policy makers and government agents to reduce the burden of unemployment in a country. Finally, this study concludes with the limitations and future research avenues.