Among the numerous abiotic stresses restricting the crop production, salinity stress is the most significant one. Estimation of genetic variability and development of suitable selection criterion are fundamentals for development of salinity tolerant types of crop plants. Sixty accessions of Brassica napus were evaluated for salinity tolerance using hydroponics technique. Six sensitive and ten tolerant lines were selected and crosses were attempted in line × tester fashion. The resultant F1 crosses and their parents were evaluated at seedling stage using hydroponic culture technique and at maturity stage in a pot experiment. Data were recorded on various seedling (root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, proline content, Na+/K+ ratio, osmotic potential) and morphological traits (days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of silique per plant, seeds per silique, oil content, thousand seed weight, yield per plant). Recorded data were analyzed to estimate the genetic variability, general and specific combining ability effects, heterosis, gene action and association among traits. Results showed that genetic variability existed in present breeding material that may be used in development of high yielding salinity tolerant Brassica napus. Combining ability analysis revealed that lines ZMR-2 and R-3 and testers Faisal and Shirlaee for seedling traits and lines R-3 and 23627 and tester Faisal for morphological traits were best general combiners for most of the traits under normal and salinity stress conditions. Crosses R-3×Laclone, RBJ-8007×Laclone and ZMR-1×ZMR-3 were best specific combiners for most of the traits under all treatments. Cross RBJ-8007×Laclone also had significant and positive mid parent, better parent and commercial heterosis for most of the traits under control and salinity stress treatments. Correlation and path analysis revealed that number of silique per plant, oil contents, days to 50% flowering and days to 50% maturity may be used as selection criteria for development of salinity tolerant types with higher yield as they showed significant association with yield per plant under salt stress conditions.
خان بہادر میر ناصر علی مدیر ’’صلائے عام‘‘ دہلی اردو کے ایک اور کہنہ صاحب قلم استاد کی وفات پر دو آنسو بہانا ہے، ایک زمانہ تھا کہ اس کی انشاء پردازی اور نکتہ نوازی پر ملک کے اچھے اچھے اہل قلم رشک کرتے تھے مگر افسوس کہ نوجوانوں نے اس کو بھلا دیا، یہ خان بہادر میر ناصر علی، مدیر صلائے عام دہلی تھے، مرحوم نے عمر کی چھیاسی ۸۶ بہاریں دیکھ کر ۱۲؍ جون ۳۳ء کو دہلی میں وفات پائی، ان کے قلم میں جو نزاکت اور ان کی انشاء میں جو لطافت تھی وہ اب بھی ہماری زبان کا سرمایہ ہے، مگر افسوس ہے کہ آخر میں وہ یہ ساری جگر کاوی ان ناقدر شناس انگریز افسروں کے لئے کرتے تھے جو ہندوستانی زبان کو امتحان کے لئے سیکھتے تھے اور اسی لئے ان کی یہ ادبی کوششیں عام نگاہوں سے چھپ کر رہ گئی تھیں، خدا اپنے دربار میں ہمارے بوڑھے صاحب قلم کی آبرو رکھے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۳۳ء)
This paper highlights a comparative study of two translations of the Holy Qur‟ān. Muhammad „Alī Lahori‟s “The Holy Qur‟ān” and „Abdul Mājid Daryābādī‟s “Tafsir Ul Qur‟ān”. It deals with the biographies of both translators and general characteristics of these two translations. Many translators interpreted the Holy Qur‟ān in differentlanguages. Though they translated the text with specific- objectives, these translations helped spread the message of the Qur‟ān in the west and helped to refute the fabrications laid down by the west against Islam. Both translators Abdul Mājid Daryābādī and Muhammad „Alī Lahorī are Indian writers, editors and interpreters. Both translated the Holy Qur‟ān into English for western readers and in Urdu for the readers of subcontinent. Most interestingly, Muḥammad „Alī Lahorī is the person who inspired Daryābādī in his period of atheism. According to many scholars, Daryābādī admired the work ofLahorī just timely. But in the reality one can find that „Abdul Mājid Daryābādī imitated few aspects of Muḥammad „Alī‟s life and copied his work as well.
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the role of earning measuring management and quality measures in explaining the earning informativeness that affects market value of the firm through involving volatility factors in coefficient of earnings. Moreover, this study assimilates the effect of earning management on capital structure performance and discourses the behavior of capital structure and performance relationship in the presence of earning management. Furthermore, this study also extends the three factor model, with the purpose of capturing irrational behavior of stock returns by incorporating earning management effect (information risk factor) and gearing effect (growth or liquidity factor). For analysis, the data of five countries are employed in the sample that are Pakistan, India, China, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The data of cumulative 802 companies are taken in sample for estimating market valuation through accruals and quality measures and for studying the impact of earning management on capital structure. However, for capturing irrational behavior massive sample of monthly data of cumulatively 1428 companies are employed. The sample period is from 2001 to 2013 in case Pakistan, India, and China, but in case of Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, the sample period is from 2008 to 2012. Based on Panel data models, the results reveal that opportunistic earning management is prevalent in all countries except Bangladesh. The opportunistic earning management has inverse effect on earning informativeness. Whereas, efficient earning management has positive effect on earning informativeness. China also depicts opportunistic behavior, which is motivated by the ROE sustainability rules of Chinese securities Regulatory Committee (CSRC). Moreover, in case of China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, high leverage brings earning management in order to reduce debt covenant violation whereas vice versa is true for India, the opportunistic earning management conveys the adverse effect on capital structure performance of the firm, as it subsidized the impact of capital structure on firm performance and also increases the earning risk. Indian firms are more exposed to earning management that adversely affect the capital structure performance and leverage decisions. The size is negatively associated with performance, which is due to the fact that firms forcefully increase size either for strategic reason, institutional reason or principle agent conflict that induces size increase and also brings asset inefficiency due to underutilization of assets. The study showed that growth or liquidity factor and information risk factor are the priced risk factors and capture the variation in stock returns. It is also identified that Chinese firms are illiquid that leads to negative WML factor, which conveys that looser stock have higher returns. This study has implication towards accounting standards, debt covenants, managers and investors, which can restrict the adverse earning management practices. Furthermore, investors can capture the information risk and can engage in more informed trading in the stock markets.