From the Chief Editor's Desk

Medical journals are a credible source of disseminating research and innovations, and Launching a medical journal is a challenging task. Many medical science journals are establishing a platform to publish quality research but still the task is tough and requires perseverance and hard work. Shalamar Medical and Dental College (SMDC) Lahore, strives to promote a culture of research. As part of this initiative, SMDC had launched ‘Medical Journal of Sakina Begum Institute’, but publication of the second volume was delayed due to the pandemic. Moreover, the name of the journal had to be changed due to some administrative issues. However, the committed editorial team was successful in bringing efforts for the latest issue to fruition.

Non-Uniform and Uniform Discrete Multitone Transceivers for the Dsl and the Power Line Channels

Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulation is a popular multicarrier technique adopted for wireline communication, which offers computationally inexpensive channel equalization, based on cyclic prefix, in addition to bit and power loading. A cyclic prefix is pre-appended in multicarrier modulated (MCM) techniques, that helps mitigate the inter-symbol interference due to mul- tipath effect. For channel equalization, a single tap per subcarrier is sufficient to compensate for the channel distortion in the frequency domain, provided the cyclic prefix length is of the order of the channel. This formulates a Zero-Forcing frequency domain equalizer, which com- pensates the channel attenuation with an inverse channel response. However, this method has the shortcoming of enhancing channel noise, where the channel is of low magnitude, in the high frequency range. It has been observed through the studies on channel measurements that most channels display the characteristics similar to that of a lowpass filter. Therefore, the cyclic prefix (CP) based equalization in MCM techniques enhances channel noise, which in turn increases the bit error rate and also reduces the post equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this thesis, as a solution to this problem, hybrid DMT modulation techniques, that is the Uniform and Non-Uniform DMT modulation are proposed and implemented for the DSL and the power line channels. The performance analysis of the proposed modulation techniques in the DSL channel and for the various categories of the power line channel is presented. Since the Non-Uniform and Uniform modulation techniques are hybrid techniques, and their structures are a combination of wavelet filter banks and conventional DMT systems, therefore, the effect of inter-channel crosstalk and its relation with the filter’s order is also investigated. Computational complexity of the hybrid modulation techniques is also derived, and it is found to be greater than that of the conventional DMT system. Moreover, different methods are adopted for quantization of channel noise enhancement. A reconstruction error is derived to ascertain the quantity of channel noise enhancement in different subbands of the communication channel and also for this purpose, post equalization SNR is computed. A modified Non-Uniform DMT transceiver was proposed and implemented for the DSL channel. It is depicted through simulation results that the Non- Uniform DMT modulation shows some improvement in the post equalization SNR, and its modified form gives better performance, however at the cost of reduced data rate. The Uniform DMT modulation technique is proposed with a power-allocation algorithm for different sub- channels of the DSL and the power line channels. The Uniform DMT modulation performance evaluation through simulation results shows significant improvement in SNR in comparison with the conventional DMT system, at the cost of greater computational complexity, for the various DSL and power line channels.