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Home > Comparative Efficacy of Different Fractions of Yeast Sludge and Toxin Binders Against Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Broiler

Comparative Efficacy of Different Fractions of Yeast Sludge and Toxin Binders Against Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Broiler

Thesis Info

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Author

Yasir Allah Ditta

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9220/1/Yasir%20Ph.D.%20thesis.40--Final%20submission%20after%20comments.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725755136

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3.1. Abstract Present experiment was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, yeast sludge was collected. Distilleries were selected from Central, Upper and Southern areas of Punjab province. In phase 2, variation in chemical analyses of different yeast sludge (Washed and As Such) collected from various distilleries were conducted that included proximate analyses, true protein and mannan oligosaccharide estimation. The yeast sludge was sonicated for determination of mannan oligosaccharide contents of each fraction. The Crescent Sugarmill (35.26 ± 0.67 %) was found to have highest crude protein followed by Murree’s Brewery (30.54 ± 0.46 %). However, both showed non-significant effects statistically for true protein. The washing was found to improve the nutritive value of yeast sludge. The sonication technique was found to separate the cell wall and cell soluble. The washed yeast sludge collected from Murree’s Brewery showed the highest mannan oligosaccharides (1.74 ± 0.13 %) among all. The cell wall sonicated from Muree’s Brewery yeast sludge was highest (2.33 ± 0.17 %) among all. This was an indicative of binding potential of yeast sludge against mycotoxins especially AFs. 4.1 . Abstract The objective of this study was to compare binding capacity of yeast sludge fractions i.e. Cell Wall and Cell Solubles, with commercial glucomannan product against different levels of AFB1 and AFG1. A total of 390 1-d-old chicks were randomly divided into 13 treatments with three replicates per treatment and ten chicks per replicate. The 13 treatments included a control without AFs (B1 + G1) and toxin binder, a positive control with different levels of AFB1 and AFG1 and without toxin binder and three different adsorbents with different levels of combinations of AFB1 and AFG1 in a factorial arrangement from 8th day of age till 28th day. Yeast sludge was sonicated into Yeast sludge cell wall and yeast sludge cell soluble. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Depressed feed intake and body weight were observed as compared to the control. A non-significant effect between yeast sludge cell wall and glucomannan product was observed but was significant as compared to the control. The AFs showed significant effect on weight gain, relative liver weight, relative giblet weight and serum minerals and non-significant effect on feed intake, FCR, relative heart weight, relative gizzard weight, dressing percentage, keel and shank length, serum phosphorus. The different toxin binders showed significant effects on feed intake, weight gain, FCR, relative liver weight, giblet weight, serum albumin, cholesterol and serum minerals while non-significant effect was observed on relative heart weight, keel and shank length, relative gizzard weight, dressing percentage, glucose and serum phosphorus. The data thus obtained indicated that yeast sludge cell wall showed non-significant effects with glucomannan product whereas yeast sludge cell soluble showed significantly depressed effect on the production, liver and serum minerals.5.1. Abstract: A comparative study was conducted to determine the effect of yeast sludge cell wall and commercial toxin binders against different levels of AFB1 in broilers from 8 to 28 days of age. A total of 390 1-d-old chicks were divided into 13 treatments. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates with ten birds in each. The control contained no AFB1 and toxin binder in the feed. AFB1 treatments was offered with different levels of AFB1 (100, 200 and 300 μg / kg) without toxin binder in feed. The remaining treatments included yeast sludge cell wall and different commercial toxin binders at different levels of AFB1 in a factorial arrangement. Ad libitum feed and water were offered. Among AFB1 treatments, 200 and 300 μg / kg AFB1 levels showed 37.42 % and 36.38 % decrease in weight gain that lead to 1.41 and 1.35 times increase in FCR as compared to control. The treatments, AFs levels and toxin binders showed non-significant effect for serum ALAT and glucose and significant on albumin and uric acid. The treatments, AFs levels and toxin binders showed significant effect for tibial ash, tibial calcium and non-significant for tibial phosphorus. The AFs, toxin binders and toxin binders × AFs showed non-significant effect for liver Mg, liver Mn and liver Cu whereas treatments and AFs showed significant effects on liver zinc. It can be concluded that AFB1 can affected the growth significantly at different levels significantly. Like other toxin binders, yeast sludge cell wall was found to nullify the deleterious effects of AFB1 significantly and showed non-significant effect among themselves at different levels of AFB1..
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بچوں کے مشاغل

بچوں کے مشاغل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
صدرِ ذی وقار اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’بچوں کے مشاغل ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
بچہ بچہ ہوتا ہے خواہ وُہ دولت مند گھرانے میں پیدا ہوا ہو یا اس کی پیدائش فقر و فاقہ سے بھر پور ماحول میں ہوئی ہو، اس کے والدین تر نوالے والے ہوں یا افلاس وغربت کے مارے ہوئے، اس کے خاندان کا ایک نام ہو یاگلی کوچوں میں پڑے ہوئے تنکے کی طرح گمنام۔ بچہ والدین کو بہت پیارا اورآ نکھ کا تارا ہوتا ہے۔ خواہ اس نے حر یرو پرنیاں کا لباس زیب تن کیا ہو یا چیتھڑوں میں ملبوس غربت و افلاس کی تصویر بنے ہوئے اپنے کچے آنگن میں مٹی سے کھیل رہا ہو۔
صدرِذی وقار!
بچہ جو بھی ہے وہ فطرت اسلام پر پیدا ہوتا ہے بعد اس کے والدین پرانحصار ہے کہ وہ اسے یہودی بنائیں یا نصرانی ۔ بچے کی اپنی ایک دنیا ہوتی ہے۔ بچے کا اپنا ایک ذوق ہوتا ہے۔ بچے کی اپنی ایک نفسیات ہوتی ہے بچے کا اپنا ایک مشغلہ ہوتا ہے۔
معزز سامعین!
زمانہ رضاعت میں تو بچے کے مشاغل مختلف نوعیت کے حامل ہوتے ہیں ، شیر خوار بچہ کبھی اپنی والدہ کی پھولدا ر قمیض کی طرف دیکھ کر محظوظ ہورہا ہوتا ہے۔ کبھی اس کی انگلی روشن بلب کی طرف اٹھ رہی ہوتی ہے، کبھی اس کی آنکھ رنگین پردے پر ٹکٹکی باندھ کر دیکھنے میں مشغول ہوتی ہے۔
سامعینِ حضرات!
یونہی بچے شیر خوارگی کی عمر سے آگے نکلتا ہے تو اس کے مشاغل تبدیل ہو جاتے ہیں۔ اس کی سوچ کچھ پروان چڑھتی ہے اس کے ذوق میں...

MIND OVER MATTER: THE REQUIRED PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR COGNITIVE ALERTNESS AMONG PAKISTANI GERIATRIC POPULATION

Background and Objective: Aging is influenced by culture, individual experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics along with societal expectations. Cognitive functioning and activity level in geriatric population may alter their participation in daily life activities thus this study aims to explore the required physical and social activities for cognitive alertness among Pakistani Geriatric population. Methodology: An observation based study of 169 aging individuals who performed on MoCA for cognitive functioning and interviewed on IPAQ for duration of physical activity in everyday life. Results: It is an observational study, conducted among the geriatric population of different areas of Pakistan. A total number of 169 individuals participated out of which 59 % were males and 40 % were females with a majority of the population 74% falling between 65-75 years of age. It was found that 59% of the male and only 19% of the female had 22 score on MoCA for cognitive functioning and these individuals were practicing physical activities such as brisk walk for 3 days a week for more than 40 minutes and are involve at least once a week in social activities. Conclusion: The research finding concluded that physical activities and social gathering both has impact on cognitive function of geriatric population to participate actively in daily activities.

Genetics of Qtls Related to Drought Tolerance in Upland Cotton

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop plants. Molecular genetics integrated with conventional breeding techniques has an immense potential to improve quantitative traits related to drought tolerance. Thirty-seven upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes/cultivars were screened for drought tolerance. Four contrasting genotypes/cultivars for drought tolerance (FH 207 and FH 910 tolerant while FH 901 and CIM 443 were susceptible) were selected. The F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 populations along with their respective parents were evaluated in the field under well watered and drought stress conditions for physiological and morphological traits. In generation means analysis, all the traits exhibited additive, dominance and interaction type of gene action. In generation variance analysis additive into environmental or additive, dominance and environmental models were fit for most of the traits except stomatal size and stomatal frequency which exhibited interaction. In correlation studies number of bolls per plant correlated positively with plant height and relative water content under well watered and drought stress conditions in both crosses. Relative water content correlated positively with cell membrane stability and correlated negatively with excised leaf water loss under drought stress. Cell membrane stability correlated negatively with excised leaf water loss under drought stress. Stomatal size correlated negatively with stomatal frequency under well watered and drought stress conditions. Fibre fineness correlated negatively with fibre length under drought stress. The F2 population of the cross FH-207 × FH-901along with the parents was also grown in pots under drought stress for QTL mapping study. The drought stress was developed by using restricted irrigation. A total of 2365 SSR primers were used to identify polymorphism between the two parents. In the primers, 100 were found polymorphic which were used to score F2 population for QTL mapping. Nine QTLs were identified on seven chromosomes. Two QTLs were identified for relative water content on chromosome A5. Two QTLs were identified on chromosome A7, one for plant height and one for excised leaf water loss. One QTL was identified for cell membrane stability on chromosome A1, one for number of bolls per plant on chromosome A10, one for boll weight on chromosome D11, one for stomatal size on chromosome A6 and one for stomatal frequency on chromosome A13. Theses QTLs may be used to breed drought tolerant cotton cultivar through marker assisted selection.