Wide band gap semiconductors are the key components to make laser diodes and blue and green LEDS. They are being used in power switching and high temperature applications. The bandgap of ZnS is tuned by adding an impurity such as Mg that is useful for optoelectronic devices. Earlier reports indicate that there is slight blue shift in the band gap energy of Mg-doped ZnS but we have observed a reasonable red shift (3.48 eV to 2.58 eV) in ZnS band gap energy in Mg-doped ZnS structures. Theoretical model, based on first principle theory using local density approximation, has shown consistent results on Mg-doped ZnS structure. The present research work deals with as-grown and Mg-doped ZnS structures. A series of samples of ZnS with varying x content of Mg have been prepared with x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3M by Sol-gel method using magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O), thiourea (SCN2H4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) for thesources of Mg2+, S2- and Zn2+ ions respectively. Ammonium hydroxide (NH3H2O) was used as a stabilizing agent and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4.H2O) was used as a complexing agent. The optical and structural properties were inspected as a function of Mg-concentration. The electrical, optical, morphological and structural properties were studied by different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, FTIR, Hall measurements, EDX and UV-Vis Spectrometer. The cubic zinc blende crystal structure of ZnS:Mg was observed by the XRD. By SEM the crystallite size was found in micrometer (35nm for Mg=0.3). It has been concluded that with an increase of Mg-concentration in ZnS the crystallite size augments. The results of EDS show that the zinc and sulphur are major components in the composition of ZnS which confirms the purity of ZnS powder. In FTIR spectrum with range 500-4000cm-1, absorption peak was observed at 674cm-1 which confirms the ZnS synthesis. UV-Visible spectrophotometry results confirm the red shift in the bandgap energy of ZnS with Mg. The computational results performed by Quantum-ESPRESSO confirm the red shift band gap trend so as to support the experimentally determined results, only subject to the condition that Mg atoms substitute into ZnS structure. The additional related work deals with the sol-gel synthesis of BaTiO3 and Sr- doped BaTiO3 thin films having the composition BaTiO3+xSr (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) on Ti-substrate by spin coating. The barium acetate (Ba (C2H3O2)2), titanium (iv) n-butoxide (C16H36O4Ti), and strontium acetate (Sr (C2H3O2)2·2 H2O) were taken as preliminary materials. The starting materials were taken according to the stoichiometric proportions and mixed carefully in aqueous phases for uniform compositions. First of all barium acetate was dissolved in heated glacial acetic acid and then strontium acetate was added to this solution while stirring it so that all the particles were dissolved. After that a stoichiometric amount of titanium (iv) n-butoxide was dissolved in 2-methoxy-ethanol and added to the solution still under stirring. To stabilize the solution, ethylene glycol was added in proportion of 1:3 to acetic acid. The final solutions that were used for spin coating on titanium substrates have a concentration of 0.4 M. The structural, morphological and electrical characteristics of the Sr-doped BaTiO3 were studied. The X-ray diffraction results of BaTiO3 and Sr-doped BaTiO3 show the enhancement in the crystallinity of the films by increasing Sr-content. SEM measurements of doped and undoped BaTiO3 films reveal their uniform and cracks free nature. The P-E measurements of these thin films show the reduction in the ferroelectric properties with increasing the Sr content.
آہ جناب امیر احمد صدیقی یہ خبر بھی بڑے افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ ۲۳؍ مارچ کو مشہور ادبی ماہ نامہ ’’نیادور‘‘ لکھنو کے سابق مدیر جناب امیر احمد صدیقی نشاط گنج میں اپنی رہایش گاہ پر وفات پاگئے، ان کا آبائی وطن لکھنو کے مضافات میں اجریاوں تھا، وہیں تدفین ہوئی، ان کی عمر ۸۲ سال تھی۔ وہ ۱۹۴۸ء میں محکمہ اطلاعات و رابطہ عامہ اترپردیش سے اس وقت منسلک ہوئے تھے جب جناب علی جواد زیدی، صباح الدین عمر، فرحت اﷲ انصاری اور خورشید احمد صاحب اس سے وابستہ تھے، اب اس دور کی تنہا یہی یاد گار رہ گئے تھے، آخر وہ بھی چل بسے۔ مرحوم مختلف وقتوں میں محکمہ اطلاعات میں افسر اطلاعات، فیچر رایٹر، جوائنٹ اڈیٹر، اڈیٹر نیا دور اور اسسٹنٹ ڈائرکٹر اردو رہے اور اپنے رفقائے کار میں تنہا ان ہی کو ملازمت میں ڈھائی سال کی توسیع ملی تھی: نیا دور ہی کے وسیلے سے ان سے میرے تعلقات کی ابتدا ہوئی، میں نے جب اس میں مضامین لکھنا شروع کیا تو اس وقت یہ اس کے جوائنٹ اور خورشید احمد صاحب چیف اڈیٹر تھے، مضامین کی وصولی کی رسید اکثر ان ہی کی جانب سے آتی تھی اور جب یہ اڈیٹر ہوئے تو برابر خط و کتابت رہتی اور فرمایش کرکے مضامین طلب کرتے تھے، امیر احمد صاحب کے دور ادارت کا اصلی امتیاز نیا دور کے خاص نمبر ہیں جو بڑی تعداد میں نکلے اور بہت مقبول ہوئے، کئی خاص نمبروں میں ان ہی کے اصرار کی وجہ سے میں نے مضامین لکھے۔ کسی تقریب یا اردو اکیڈمی کے سمیناروں میں جاتا اور وہ موجود ہوتے تو بڑے تپاک سے ملتے، اپنے گھر بھی مدعو کرتے، ان کو معلوم ہوجاتا کہ میں آیا ہوں تو میری قیام گاہ کا پتہ لگا کر فون کرتے اور...
If any nation has right to be proud of its inheritance of concern and religion so followers of Islam deserve of its glorious inheritance of concern or concentration which is according to international investment enlists the unique and individual employment in the history of human. Its infrastructure, core concern, flexibility, exclusive law ideology, judiciary, common and uncommon solution contains unique supremacy. The base of such amazing and awesome international investment depends on fundamental legislative of Quran. Therefore, such accumulated ideology of all investment, although having opposition and distance owes the struggle and efforts of plenty of religious scholars (Fuqha) who proved surpassing sincerity for the services of knowledge. Imam Muhammad Bin Hassan Shebani the first of these (Fiqah People)eligious scholars who compressed (Islamic Fiqah) Islamic scholars teaching in such an educational way as none of other did it. He left us such a memorable priceless and valuable inheritance which crystal clear proof that he was having the thoughtful legislative mind and had profuse passion of gaining knowledge though he faced massive difficulties even spent his money to acquire knowledge. Besides such prestige and wisdom he was well-versed in Fiqah (deep thinking). His knowledge and services of Fiqah can be manipulated by his figurative and descriptive books which are real assets and fundamental ideology of followers of Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin alhasan alshaibai recently in the explanation ofKitab ullah Imam Muhammad was not uncommon writer that is why he was as much famous but Imam Muhammad was supposed to be best scholar of it.
After the 18th Constitutional Amendment the role of all provincial Textbook Boards has changed. Since no study has been conducted so far to understand changing role of the Balochistan Textbook Board, this study investigates the changing role of Balochistan Textbook Board after the 18th Constitutional Amendment. This qualitative study comprises semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions and analysis of relevant documents. The study uses a purposive sampling strategy. The study finds that the changing role of Balochistan Textbook Board has helped in developing a sense of responsibility and ownership, making progress in textbooks development and speeding up the process of textbooks development including improving the quality of textbooks. However, the Balochistan Textbook Board has faced some challenges. These include; limited capacity, lack of effective coordination with different stakeholders, lack of teachers’ effective participation in textbooks development, lack of effective evaluation and to ensure quality of textbooks. The study recommends effective coordination among the stakeholders, effective participation of different stakeholders, effective evaluation process, and devising new strategies and mechanisms for textbooks development.