ثنائية الفصل والوصل في البحث البلاغي

Fasl and Wasl are the burning topics of ‘ilm ul-Bayan (Arabic Rhetoric) alongside it is very initial element which brings structure, beautification, embellishment and improvement. Many Arab scholars, in particular, Arab pioneer Rhetoricians had discussed and still have been discussing as well as discoursing Fasl and Wasl related matters. They put their all attention deeply to both of them in the discoursing of Qur’an structure. The utmost susceptible scholar Abu Bakr Abd al-Qahir bin ‘Abd arRahman bin Muhammad al-Jurjanī, the figurative personality, who first time in the history had discussed Fasl and Wasl based structures in his two prolific books; Asrar al-Balaghah (The Secrets of Elucidation) and Dala'il al-I’jaz (Intimations of Inimitability) theoretically and practically. Later on it was developed by Abu alQasim Mahmud bin ‘Umar al-Zamakhshari as he applied both theories to his commentary on Holy Qur’an known as “Al-Kashshaaf (the Revealer)”. The following research attempts all fruitful efforts spent by scholars having different ethics. It brings arguments towards where it is required, bringing out a short comparison between contemporary and classical Fasl and Wasl based perceptions resulting in what the scholar thinks in person.

Series Solutions to Some Linear and Non-Linear Differential Euations Arising in Applied Mathematics

In this thesis a series solution to linear or nonlinear problems has been considered which are arising in the field of applied mathematics. In the first chapter of this dissertation a brief history of our problems and methods is given. In the second chapter, some basic definitions and concepts are given which have been used in our work. In the third chapter, we examined the motion of an incompressible unidirectional magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) thin film flow of a third grade fluid over an oscillating inclined belt embedded in a porous medium. Moreover, heat transfer analysis has also been discussed in the present work. We modeled the proposed physical problem in terms of PDEs. The equations obtained through PDEs were then solved by two different methods i.e., Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). Comparisons of these two methods for different time level were analyzed graphically. Comparison of the results shows that both the methods are in full agreement. The effects of various non-dimensional parameters have also been linerated graphically. In the fourth chapter of this thesis the unsteady thin film flow of a fourth grade fluid over a moving and oscillating vertical belt is given. The proposed problem was modeled in terms of PDEs together with physical boundary conditions. Two different cases were discussed. The first one is the lift case, while the second one is the drainage case. Two different techniques, namely the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) were used for finding the analytical solutions of the above mentioned cases. These solutions were compared and found in excellent agreement. For the physical analysis of the problem, graphical results were provided and discussed for various embedded flow parameters. In the fifth chapter, the Optimal Homotopy Asymtotic Method (OHAM) [45-46] was used for approximate solution of singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems. We concluded that the proposed method gives efficient results. We solved some numerical examples, that include initial and boundary value problems. In the sixth chapter, the solution of higher order boundary value problems by our proposed method “Modified Optimal Homotopy Perturbation Method” (MOHPM) has been given. A homotopy with an embedding parameter and Daftardar-Jafari polynomials were used. To control the convergence of solution, some auxiliary functions which depended upon variables and some constants were used. The proposed method was simple, rapid, effective and accurate. The accuracy has been proved by comparing our results with the solutions of optimal homotopy perturbation method (OHPM), optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), variational iterative method (VIM), variational iteration method using He’s polynomials (VIMHP), homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Adomain decomposition method (ADM).