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Controlling Pectobacterium Based Infections Through Quorum Quenching

Thesis Info

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Author

Sarfraz, Sohaib

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Plant Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11324/1/Sohaib%20sarfraz_UAF_2019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725791023

Similar


Blackleg, a bacterial disease caused by a group of pathogens belonging to Pectobacterium species inflicts incredible losses to potato (Solanum tuberosum) in major potato growing areas of Punjab. Re-classification of blackleg causing bacteria Pectobacterium and occurrence of newly emerging blackleg pathogens such as Dickeya species have adversely affected the impact of potato trade world-wide. To determine the impact and extent of these pathogens, samples exhibiting blackleg disease were collected from 80 farmers‘ fields in five potato production regions of Punjab, Pakistan during the years 2014-2017. Bacteria isolated from diseased samples were gram negative, pectinolytic and were molecularly identified using gapA primers followed by genome sequencing of the representative isolates. Genomic and phenotypic analyses confirmed the diversity of blackleg pathogens in Pakistan. From a total of 36 representative isolates from all five potato production regions, approximately 58% were P. atrosepticum, 8% P. carotovorum, 5% P. polaris, 8% P. parmentieri, 11% D. dianthicola and 8% newly identified P. punjabense sp. nov. Thus, P. atrosepticum was shown to be the most important causal agent of blackleg of potato and poses a threat to potato production in Pakistan. Moreover, in these type of pectinolytic bacteria pathogenicity and virulence is regulated through quorum sensing (QS) in a density dependent manner utilizing N-acyl homoserine lactones (NAHLs) as QS signaling molecules. Interference with QS through Quorum quenching (QQ) is a demonstrated bio-control tool. Degradation of the QS signals (NAHLs) by bacteria present in the rhizosphere soil is a useful approach for protecting potato plants against the blackleg pathogen P. atrosepticum. Therefore, NAHLs produced by P. atrosepticum were extracted and then evaluated through biosensor based plate assays using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV026) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NTLR4) biosensors. Furthermore, several NAHL degrading bacteria were sorted out from rhizosphere of potato plants and their ability to degrade NAHLs was evaluated by a series of NAHL degradation assays followed by QQ tuber assay. Out of 24 NAHL degrading bacterial isolates, 16 actual QQ isolates were identified that effectively reduced Pectobacterium based infections in potatoes.
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اسلم عارف

اسلم عارف (۱۹۴۲ء۔پ) پسرور کے ایک گاؤں بن باجوہ میں پیدا ہوئے۔(۱۰۰۱) اپنے وقت کے نظم،غزل اور قطعات کے اچھے شاعر ہیں۔ ان کے قطعات میں جدت پائی جاتی ہے۔ چند قطعات ملاحظہ ہوں:

قبر کے پھول            

اے حسینہ سنوارلے گیسو

 

%اشک کب تک بہائے گی

 

3قبر کے پھول سوکھ جائیں گے

 

-زندگی لوٹ کر نہ آئے گی

 

â۱۰۰۲)

آخری انسان                            

ایک مفلس بندۂ مزدور پر روئے گا کون

 

زندگی میں بھی اگرچہ بے سرو سامان تھا

 

مر کے لیکن رہ گیا اس طرح بے گورو کفن

 

جیسے اس دنیا کا بس یہ آخری انسان تھا

 

۱۰۰۳)

 ۱۰۰۱۔رخشہ نسیم،’’سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری‘‘(بیسویں صدی کے دوران )ص:۳۲

۱۰۰۲۔ایضاً،ص:۳۳

۱۰۰۳۔ایضاً،ص:۳۴

 

حیل فقہ اسلامی كے تناظر میں

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Development of Students Speaking Skills in the Primary English Classroom

In Pakistan English as a foreign language is being taught from primary classes. Teaching English is based on the grammar translation method - reading and translating the text from English to Urdu both in government and private schools. In such classes teaching is based on rote memorization with little meaningful speaking activities, despite one of the curriculum objectives of teaching English language being to teach students to communicate orally. The purpose of this research was to develop students' speaking skills in the primary classroom. The findings related to pre - intervention stage indicate that the constraints that hinder development of speaking skills were the students' fear of making mistakes, they felt hesitant to speak. This was due to lack of opportunity to practice English in the classroom. The lack of opportunity was due to: a) poor time management; b) too many children in the class; c) pressure of exams and syllabus; d) mechanical, individual and choral speaking activities, i.e. short phrases or one word answers. The seven week intervention helped the students to develop their confidence and fluency of speech. To develop accuracy further would require more time. The intervention revealed that: a) students spoke without hesitations or fear of making mistakes and hence were more confident; b) Students spoke with less pauses, had good flow, used less Urdu and were more coherent i.e. they had much greater fluency. c) students made less grammatical mistakes. For primary students to be fluent in speaking the target language the teacher needs to give more opportunity and create an environment to speak allowing the students to talk about their own experiences.