Present study deals with the correlation of Toxoplasma with some endocrine parameters for the assessment of immunopathogenic mechanism in human population selected from different localities of Lahore. Besides analysis of blood using ELISA for various parameters (anti-Toxo IgG and IgM, Insulin, TSH, T3, T4, FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol) this multidisciplinary study involved the questionnaire survey of the area for the assessment of health status of the study respondents and risk factors regarding toxoplasmosis. Data was analyzed statistically by Chi-square test, ttest, ANOVA and correlation (p<0.05). Analysis of data revealed that seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection was significantly related to various factors; socioeconomic status, pica habits, consumption of untreated water for drinking purpose and exposure to oocysts contaminated surfaces as feral cats have high abundance in the study areas. Toxoplasma gondii infection was highly prevalent among study subjects. It was found that chronic Toxoplasma infection was more prevalent (58.5%) among respondents then acute/recent cases (41.5%). Gender wise comparison showed that prevalence of infection was higher among male subjects (86%) in compared to the females (34%). Percentage prevalence of Toxoplasma had positive correlation with seropositivity among subjects of 36-44+ years of age. Toxoplasma infection was found to be correlated with different endocrine hormones. Higher insulin concentration was detected among seropositive subjects reflecting similar trend in both sexes. The deviation was significant among senior age groups. The concentration of TSH, T3 and T4 was detected to be higher than the reference value among 9%, 19% and 79% subjects respectively. In case of male seropositive subjects, LH was significantly higher (11.89±0.66mlU/ml) whereas testosterone was found to be lower (2.82±0.13ng/ml) than normal reference value. In general female Toxoplasma positive respondents were detected with variable ranges of FSH, LH and estradiol during various reproductive phases. These changes in various hormones reflect the possible role of toxoplasmosis leading to various metabolic disorders and reproductive problems. The results are depictive of the fact that lack of education and awareness, poor hygiene conditions and other risk factors greatly enhance the transmission of such parasites. The results of the study are significant and provide enough evidence regarding toxoplasmosis and its correlation with the changes in various hormones leading to health effects.
" کتنی ہی امتوں کو ہم (عذاب سے) ہلاک کر چکے ہیں سو انہوں نے (ہلاکت کے وقت) بڑی ہائے پکار کی اور وہ وقت خلاصی کا نہ تھا"۔
یعنی ان کو معلوم رہنا چاہیے کہ اسی غرور وتکبر کی بدولت انبیاء اللہ سے مقابلہ ٹھان کر بہت سی جماعتیں پہلے تباہ و برباد ہو چکی ہیں وہ لوگ بھی مدتوں پیغمبروں سے لڑتے رہے۔ پھر جب برا وقت آ پڑا اور عذاب الٰہی نے چاروں طرف سے گھیر لیا تو گھبرا کر شور مچانے اور خدا کو پکارنے لگے۔ مگر اس وقت فریاد کرنے سے کیا بنتا۔ خلاصی کا موقع گزر چکا تھا، اور وقت نہیں رہا تھا کہ ان کے شوروبکاء کی طرف توجہ کی جائے۔
يهدف هذا البحث إلى جمع الأحاديث الواردة في محبة الله عز وجل من الصحيحين، ودراستها واستنباط الأحكام والفوائد منها، وإثبات صفة المحبة لله تعالى، وأنه سبحانه يحب عباده، ويحبه عباده، وهو مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة. كما أن هذا البحث يبين ما يحبه الله من الأعمال والأقوال والأخلاق التي وردت بها سنة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقد أوردت فيه الأسباب الموجبة لمحبته سبحانه، وثمرات تلك المحبة. وخلص الباحث إلى أنَّ محبة الله جل وعلا واجبة، وأن لها آثاراً تترتب عليها، ومقتضيات يجب تحقيقها، وأن محبة الله للعبد لها علامات يستدل بها على ذلك.
A facile methodology was developed which involved multicomponent single pot reaction which yielded the synthesis of highly functionalized 5-arylidene barbiturates/thiobarbiturates (158a – 166a), (158b – 167b), tricyclic-heterocycle compounds (158c – 163c) (158d – 164d), pyrimido[4,5‐d][1,3]diazine (170a – 173b), (170b – 174b) and pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboximidate, (176 – 181) and in good yields (60-95%). The discovered novel methodology involved sequential multicomponent reactions; consisting of Knoevenagel reaction followed by Michael addition; moreover, the proposed mechanism is consistent with the stepwise methodology which also availed the same tricyclic heterocycle compounds (158c – 163c) and (158d – 164d). In-silico (α glucosidase inhibitory studies) and in-vitro biological evaluation was extensively performed for synthesized tricyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Tricyclic heterocycle compounds (158c – 163c) and (158d – 164d) showed excellent interacting affinity with receptor protein (PDB ID: 3A47) which were further complemented and confirmed through in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory studies which were found to be comparable with standard acarbose. Whereas, 160c 160d, 162d and 171b exhibited IC50 value (111.8, 99.4, 108.7, 121.4 µmol/L) as compared to standard acarbose (135.6 µmol/L) making them excellent α-glucosidase inhibition candidates among the lot. Furthermore, all the freshly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antibacterial, and antioxidant studies, which revealed that all these compounds show mild bacteriostatic properties at 200 µM concentration against 105 CFU/200 µL of three bacterial strains; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, while compounds (159d, 160d, 161d, 163c, 163d) are found more potent antioxidants than the standard ascorbic acid. viii The barbituric acid derivatives (158a-165a) are less toxic as compared to the thiobarbituric derivatives (158b- 165b). Cheminformatics and docking score also supported that arylidene barbiturates and their derivatives follow the Lipinski rule due to which they would be excellent candidates as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors.