حالت امن کے قواعد کلیہ: فقہائے کرام کی آراء کی روشنی میں

The value of Shari’ah Maxims is realized all over the world. These maxims keep a superlative significance over all legal maxims as their sources are based on Qur’ān and Sunnah that is the real source of islamic law. Shari’ah Maxims such a important subject of islamic law that simplifies the interpretation of shari’ah. If the Shari’ah Maxims are inculcated and conceived properly then there is no need to burn midnight oil in learning the large number of sub-titles of Shari’ah. The fiqh defines the Shari’ah Maxims as the principles organized. This article explores the Four important Shari’ah Maxims relating to peace  and ethics of a muslim state towards its non-muslim residants. It includes the meanings, arguments and real life examples about these maxims. These maxims are: (الذمی من اھل دارنا کالمسلم)Zimmies are considered equalent to the muslims of state.(الامر بیننا وبین الکفار مبنی علی المجازاۃ)The relations between muslims and non-muslims countries are based on equality.(ان حرمۃ قتل المستامن من حق اللہ تعالی)Those who have the entry into the muslim state with permit and peaceful intention, must be protected and neither be killed nor be harmed.(عبارۃ الرسول کعبارۃ المرسل)Any ambassador of the state will be considered the real representative of the sender who can completely deal all the things on behalf of his sender. Today it’s the dire need of the time to implement these Shari’ah Maxims generaly for the humanity and especially for Muslims Countries to solve the critical issues, because today the world needs peace the most as it was needed never before.

Outcomes of Turco’S Procedure for Idiopathic Clubfoot Among Children at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children from January 2011 to July 2016

Background: Clubfoot known as Congenital Talipes Equino Varus Deformity (CTEV) is one of the most common congenital foot deformities. Affect 1-2/1000 live births worldwide. Males are more affected with Club foot compared to female. Idiopathic clubfeet was considered 80% as isolated birth defects and 20% are syndromic or neurogenic. Objective: 1. To estimate the demographic characteristics of patients with clubfoot at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan from 2011 to July 2016. 2. To determine the outcomes of Turco’s Procedure for idiopathic clubfoot among children from 2011 to July 2016 at Paediatric Orthopaedic Department of FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan.Methodology: A descriptive case series study design is used to determine the outcomes of Turco’s Procedure for idiopathic clubfoot among children at Paediatric Orthopaedic Department of French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan during January 2011 to July 2016. Records of 99 participants with 151 feet who had undergone Turco’s procedure were clinically and radiologically assessed and followed for 3 years. Self-developed structured questionnaire was used by applying consecutive sampling technique. Age range of the study participants was from nine months to five years. The descriptive analysis was done, using SPSS Version 22. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for Quantitative continuous/discrete variables. Frequency and proportions were calculated for categorical variables. T- test for two independent samples and Chi-square test also were run for few variables.Result: Out of 99 participants, 67(67.7%) males and 32(32.3%) females were affected; males were affected twice as often as girls. 52 (52.5%) participants were bilaterally, 26 (26.3%) Right side and 21 (21.2%) were Left side affected. 25 (25.3%) participants had positive family history. Hospital length of stay at hospital was 1.7 days (1 to 7 days). Participant’s feet were assessed clinically and radiologically. The results showed that Turco’s procedure in 79.8% of participants was successful and 20.2% of them had developed some kinds of complications. Family satisfaction rate was 89% found in the study. Conclusion: Clubfoot is one of the most common congenital foot deformities and patients with idiopathic clubfoot can be successfully treated in most of the cases by Turco’s procedure; Outcome of the surgery will be better if patient gets treatment at appropriate age. Overall, an 80% success rate of Turco’s procedure was found in this study