The performance of crossbred cattle at military and other institutional dairy farms in Punjab was evaluated. The studies were conducted at three military dairy farms, one government farm of Livestock and Dairy Development Department and the experimental farm at University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Data on first and later lactations of crossbred dairy cattle (n=8375) from three Military dairy herds from 1984 to 2007 were used to study the effect of genetic group, herd, year and season of calving and parity on productive and reproductive traits using a general linear model. The overall 305-d milk yield, total milk yield, lactation length and dry period were 1944±36.7 kg, 1874±36.8 kg, 255±3.2 days and 224±11.8 days, respectively. The service period, calving interval, and gestation period averaged 196±10.6 days, 469±10.9 days, and 274±0.28 days, respectively. The phenotypic trend was positive for most of the productive traits. However, productive life and herd life decreased over the years. Deterioration in service period and calving interval was also obvious. Wide variation in performance traits of crossbred dairy cattle of three Military herds showed significant effects of management and feeding at these farms. At Livestock Experiment Station Qadirabad, overall 305-d milk yield, total milk yield, lactation length, dry period, service period and calving interval were 2453.1±63.26 kg, 2601.8±72.12 kg, 291.3±5.24 days, 170±13.34 days, 181±12.94 days and 465±12.98 days, respectively. The generations, season and year of calving and parity were the significant factors influencing performance traits. The phenotypic trends was negative for total milk yield (-24kg/year), lactation length (-0.3 days/year), productive life (-13 days/year) and herd life (-24 days/year). Significant deterioration in productive traits was found after F 1 generation. Pattern of calving was compared between Sahiwal crossbreds (Friesian or Jersey) and Nili-Ravi buffaloes and purebred Sahiwal cattle. Lactation records of 9,174, 22,499 and 656 of Nili-Ravi buffaloes, Sahiwal and crossbred cattle were used for this purpose. Seasonality of calving is more pronounced in buffaloes than Sahiwal and crossbred cattle in Pakistan. The relationship between days open and seasonality of calving in the Nili-Ravi buffaloes, Sahiwal and Crossbred cattle was also established using the same dataset. Nili-Ravi buffaloes and crossbred cows calving in winter had fewer days open than those calving in summer. Nili- Ravi and Sahiwal herds showed deterioration in days open over the years. There was an average increase (per year) of 1.5 days in days open for Nili-Ravis and 0.6 days for Sahiwals. Increase in days open over the years was also observed for Sahiwal crossbreds. Individual and maternal effects both for additive and heterotic gene actions in milk yield and reproductive traits were estimated using data of 178 cows (740 lactations) at University herd. Individual heterosis was statistically significant for traits like age at first calving, 305-day milk yield, total milk yield and productive life. Performance of animals however, improved as the Bos taurus inheritance increased but going beyond 75% deteriorated performance especially traits such as productive life.
مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری دوسرا حادثہ مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری کی وفات حسرت آیات کا ہے، مولانا مرحوم جنگ آزادی کے ممتاز مجاہد اور احرار کے نامور لیڈر تھے، تحریک خلافت کے زمانہ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی آزادی تک ملک و ملت کے ہر معرکہ میں ان کے کارنامے نمایاں ہیں، اس راہ میں انہوں نے برسوں قید و بند کی مصیبتیں جھیلیں وہ ایک سحربیان خطیب تھے، اپنی کی تقریر سے سامعین کو ایسا مسحور کردیتے تھے کہ جدھر چاہتے ان کی باگ موڑ دیتے، وہ گھنٹوں تقریر کرتے تھے، اور سامعین ہمہ تن گوش بنے رہتے تھے، دین و تقویٰ میں بھی ان کا پایہ بلند تھا، ان کی زندگی درویشانہ تھی، ہندوستان کی تقسیم کے بعد اپنے وطن امرتسر سے اجڑ کر ملتان چلے گئے، اور بالآخر اسی کی خاک کا پیوند ہوئے، اس کا افسوس ہے کہ آزادی کے بعد اس مرد مجاہد کی خدمات اور ایثار و قربانی کی کوئی قدر نہ ہوئی، اور اس کی زندگی کا آخری دور عسرت و گمنامی میں بسر ہوا، مگر انہوں نے قلندرانہ شان کے ساتھ اس کو گذاردیا، اﷲ عالمِ آخرت میں اس مرد مجاہد کو اپنے انعامات سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۶۱ء)
All ancient and contemporary religions of the world like Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Jainism and Islam emphasizes and attempts to uphold the highest moral and ethical values in human society in order to produce discipline and good will. Some of the religions strictly command for proper observance and submission to the laws and cannons", whereas the other religions do not stipulate strict allegiance to its principals, yet they nourish and treat human emotions and direct them for the general good of the society. On the whole, all religions aim at moral and ethical uplift of human beings, to install positivity in them and imbues the spirit of sacrifice, equality, affection, brotherhood and justice in mankind. Thus, these all facts testify that all religions, with some differences of pattern, propagate the message of love, Peace, equality, brotherhood, justice, Harmony and equity in the material age and greed-ridden epoch where individual profits and benefit overwhelm collective cause and general welfare of mankind. What we have done here in this paper is not to establish that one religion is better than the other but to demonstrate that almost all world religions stand for love, peace and harmony. There is no doubt, that all religions preach and advocate positive harmony among human beings but the message of Holy Prophet (SAW) is the only example who gave practical aspect of these theories. However, this paper elaborates this reality by a detailed comparison of Islam and Buddhism.
This study aimed to explore the relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement of Grade 10 students across gender in 6 government girls' secondary schools and 6 government boys' secondary schools in District Khairpur Mirs', Sindh. This study focused on three main themes: (1) gender differences in mathematics anxiety; (2) gender differences in mathematics achievement; (3) relationship of mathematics anxiety with mathematics achievement across gender. Data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, data were collected through an adapted (Cavanagh & Sparrow, 2011), piloted and modified Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS). MARS used a five-point Likert scale. The total sample size for the first phase was 309 students, that comprised males (n= 173) and females (n= 136). MARS indicated that students of both the genders exhibited almost equal overall mathematics anxiety with a slight difference which was not significant. Moreover, males showed a significantly high level of attitudinal anxiety as compared to females, whereas, female students showed a significantly high level of cognitive anxiety as compared to males. Data for mathematics achievement was collected through a Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), which was developed from past four-year annual examination papers for science group of Board of the Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sukkur. There were 25 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and 10 Constructed Response Questions (CRQs). MAT was conducted with a sample of 264 Grade 10 students in the same schools where MARS was conducted. MAT showed that male students performed significantly better than females in CRQs and MCQs. Male students have also significantly outperformed females in overall mathematics achievement. This study did not indicate that low mathematics achievement is because of mathematics anxiety. However, female students have high level of mathematics cognitive anxiety, which might have negatively influenced their mathematics achievement. Overall mathematics achievement of the whole sample (M = 12.92) is a point of concern. This study makes an important contribution to the existing research literature from Pakistan especially related to the rural context.