Strategic Flexibility and its Impact on Raising the Performance of Banks

Strategic issues are the core of the work of business organizations and occupy the main pillar of the work of commercial banks, whose fields of work and their competitive environment have developed. Strategic flexibility has become an urgent and binding issue for the commercial banking sector to keep pace with environmental changes and developments and raise the performance of banks to keep pace with environmental developments. The research aims to delve into two very important variables by doing The commercial banking sector, which is flexibility   The strategy and performance of the banks. Six commercial banks were chosen to be happy with the research (Baghdad, Iraqi investment, Gulf, investment development, Al-Mansour, Babylon). A member of bank managers, people's officials, and accountants in commercial banks. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by applying the statistical program (spss). The results demonstrated an impact on the overall level of the two variables. The study (strategic flexibility, bank performance) The findings revealed the existence of relationships between (banking service flexibility, competitive flexibility, investment flexibility, and human resource flexibility). And bank performance at the sub-dimension level (financial dimension, customer dimension, internal operations dimension, education and growth dimension). The study came to a set of conclusions and suggestions. 

Bandwith Enhancement of Patch Antenna Through Various Methods for Satellite Communication

The microstrip patch antennas have made a great progress in the last few decades as they have enormous advantages as compared to traditional antennas. These antennas have attractive features like the low profile, small dimensions, low volume, very light weight, economical, conformable to the planer and non-planer surfaces and easy to fabricate. They occupy a very small volume during installation. They are manufactured very inexpensively and easily using modern printed circuit technology. However, a few major limitations of these microstrip patch antennas (MSPA) include low gain, very low impedance bandwidth and low efficiency. The future patch antennas for 5G and satellite applications need to have a wide band, large gain and high efficiency due to the increased use of internet streaming. A novel MSPA, that includes the effect of parasitic patches, radiated fractal patch structure with the influence of defected ground structure (DGS) and air cavities in the material of the substrate for achieving both wide impedance bandwidth and high efficiency, is proposed in this research. The radiated patch element is excited by a coaxial feeding line. The antenna is designed on Preperm L450 (lossy) substrate material with permittivity 4.5 and with loss tangent 0.0005. It is observed that the proposed design of 18.6 × 10.4mm2 structure achieves a very encouraging performance of wide bandwidth, high gain, stable radiation and high efficiency in the given operating range of electromagnetic spectrum. The return loss of 44.81dB has been achieved at the centre frequency of 13.16GHz by the proposed broadband MSPA.???? equals to 1.01 has been obtained at the centre frequency. The maximum radiation efficiency of 100% at the frequency of 13.35-14.11GHz and maximum total efficiency of 97.18% at the frequency of 13.5GHz has been achieved. The maximum gain of 7.03dBi has occurred at the frequency of 27GHz. The proposed design has obtained wide fractional bandwidth of 132.44%. This wide bandwidth of 17.43GHZ ranges from 12.7 to 30.13GHz. The values of VSWR are less than 2 in the entire operating band. These qualities of high gain, wider bandwidth and higher efficiency make the proposed novel antenna an excellent candidate to work in the ??, ? and ??-bands.