کانفرس یا جمگٹھا
طنطا یونیورسٹی کی یہ کانفرس بھی ایک جمگھٹا ہی تھی ۔موضوع جس قدر شاندار اور موقع و محل کے مطابق تھا منتظمین اور مندو بین اس قدر اناڑی اور بے محل و بیزار ۔ہر مقرر کو دہشت گردی کے اسباب و عوامل ،اس سے گزرنے والی اقوام کی تکالیف اور اس عفریت سے بچائو کے تدابیر کو بیان کر نے کے لیے صرف پانچ منٹ دیے گئے تھے۔دو منٹ تو جامعہ طنطا کے ارباب و اختیار و اقتدار کی قصیدہ گوئی میں گزر جاتے کہ اتنے اہم موضوع پر سیمینار رکھا ،کچھ وقت تالیوں اور باقی میں دہشت گردی پر بات ہوتی ۔
کانفرس ہال میں مسافر کے قریب دکتورہ ایمان تشریف فرما تھی ،ایمان صاحبہ کے مقالے کا موضوع اردو افسانے پر دہشت گردی کے اثرات تھا ۔مجھے عربی نما لہجے میں کہنے لگیں کہ بہت خوف زدہ ہوں زندگی میں پہلی دفعہ کسی کانفرس میں مقالہ پڑھ رہی ہوں میرے لیے دعا کریں۔میں نے کہا’’درود شریف پڑھیں خوف ختم ہو جائے گا ‘‘تھوڑی دیر بعد مجھ سے کہنے لگیں ’’زبردست نسخہ بتایا آپ نے ،میں تو بہت بہادر ہو گئی ہوں۔‘‘ دکتورہ مونا،دکتورہ بسنت،دکتور محمد علی کے مقالوںکے موضوعات پاکستانی سماج اور ادب پر دہشت گردی کے اثرات کااحاطہ کر رہے تھے ۔ان کے مقالوںمیں اگر کسی کو انہماک سے سنا تو وہ شاید وہ میں ہی تھا باقی لوگوںکو پاکستانی مسائل اور پاکستان میں دہشت گردی سے کوئی سرو کار نہ تھا ۔ افغانستان ،روہنگیاکے بارے میں اس کانفرس کے منتظمین اور مقررین نے کوئی لب کشائی نہیں کی ۔یہاں تک کہ مسئلہ کشمیر اور ہندوستان میں ہندوتوا کے شکار کروڑوں مسلمانوں کی حالت زار پر بھی یہ عربی منتظمین عجمی (گونگے)بنے تھے اور جو تھوڑا بہت میرے اکسانے پر بولتے بھی تو ہندوستانی حکومت...
1. The Stylistics of Holy Qur'an is way beyond human potential and capabilities. Its diction, semantics and phraseology is unique which is not found in any of man's writings.
2. The range of its stylistics is such that it impresses all and sundry simultaneously. Thus our Holy Qur'an exceeds in rhetoric and stylistics.
3. The stylistics of Qur'an is such that it holds a universal appeal for all times to come despite of the drastic evolutionary change in human society over a time period. The Holy Qur'an has not lost its relevance and freshness uptil now and neither shall it do so till the Day of Resurrection.
4. The Holy Qur'an addresses people belonging to all strata of society from a layman to a universe don. Each person may interpret and appreciate the miraculous Ayah's of Qur'an according to their own caliber and understanding. It offers straight direct teachings to the commoners whereas a scholar may
unfold and marvel at its depth and delicate intricacies.
5. The miracles of the previous prophets were sensual in nature. They could be perceived through our senses. Yet the miracle of our Holy Prophet i.e. Holy Qur'an holds its dynamic appeal rationally and logically. It shall remain so till all times to come.
6. The salient features of the stylistics of Holy Qur'an are as follows: Its simultaneous brevity as well as comprehensive nature; its universal appeal to all and sundry; its precise summation yet in other places its elaborate detailing; its unique super human stylistics; its rhythm and variety phonetically and semantically; its recurrence and repeated mentions of incidents and topics; its
Bitter gourd is considered among the most important medicinal and nutritional vegetable of family Cucurbitaceae. Owing to more male and less female flowers production there is always pragmatic reduction in its yield, which is a stumbling block in the production of bitter gourd. In order to fully exploit its potential and to circumvent barrier in production system of bitter gourd this project was formulated. The project was divided into two studies, study-1 is seed priming for 12 hours while, study-2 is foliar application of four plant growth regulators (PGRs), Ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid), Maleic hydrazide (MH), GA3 and CPPU [N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea] at two leaf stage, along with Faisalabad long and Jaunpuri varieties of bitter gourd in order to evaluate their effect on growth, sex expression and yield. During 1st study, Ethephon at 500 mg L-1 positively affected morphological (vine length, number of primary branches, and number of nodes per unit length of vine), floral (number of days of male and female flowers, total number of male and female flowers and sex ratio), fruit (number of fruits per plant, single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight per vine, fruit yield per hectare) biochemical (total chlorophyll contents of leaves, reducing, non reducing and total sugars of fruit, total phenolic contents of fruit, super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities of fruit and fruit soluble solids) and seed attributes (number of seeds per fruit and 1000 seed weight) in Faisalabad long cultivar of bitter gourd. Similarly, during foliar application, Ethephon at 500 mg L-1 revealed maximum length of main stem and number of primary branches, while, GA3 at 100 mg L-1 revealed maximum number of nodes per unit length of vine (nodes m-1) and reduction in inter-nodal distance in Faisalabad long. Furthermore, in floral and fruit attributes, Ethephon at 500 mg L-1 in variety Faisalabad long performed better as compared to all other PGRs. However, in biochemical attributes, Ethephon at 500 mg L-1 showed the most significant results of total chlorophyll contents, non reducing sugars and total sugars. Reducing sugars were maximum with foliar application of CPPU at 500 mg L-1 in Faisalabad long. Maximum total phenolic contents were revealed through foliar spray with GA3 at 100 mg L-1 in Faisalabad long. SOD, CAT and POD activities were maximum with MH at 100 mg L-1 in Faisalabad long. While, GA3 at 150 mg L-1 in Jaunpuri cultivar showed maximum fruit soluble solids. Regarding seed quality attributes, maximum number of seeds per fruit and 1000 seed weight was observed when foliar application of GA3 and Ethephon at 200 and 250 mg L-1 in cultivar Faisalabad long. In a nutshell, Ethephon at 500 mg L-1 significantly affected growth, sex expression and fruit yield of Faisalabad long cultivar of bitter gourd.