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Design and Fabrication of Switchable Metal Organic Frameworks

Thesis Info

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Author

Nayab, Sana

Program

PhD

Institute

Lahore College for Women University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11336/1/DESIGN%20AND%20FABRICATION%20OF%20SWITCHABLE%20METAL%20ORGANIC%20FRAMEWORKS-THESIS-SANA%20NAYAB.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725822964

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Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a versatile class of porous crystalline materials constructed from metal nodes and organic linkers. Postsynthetic modification (PSM) has emerged as an important late-stage approach to functionalizing MOFs. The introduction of the desired functional groups via PSM strategies requires chemical handles or tags within the MOFs‟ lattice though appropriate linker molecules during their synthesis. Click reactions offer dynamic covalent chemistries that result in changes of surface properties by allowing very fast and reversible reactions under mild condition. The present work demonstrates the synthesis of amine functionalized metal organic frameworks followed by the post synthetic modification via various strategies involving click chemistry.A thermally reversible Diels– Alder ligation between cyclopendienyl (Cp) groups functionalized MOFs (NH2-MIL-88B-Fe and ML-88B-Fe) and small molecules bearing maleimide groups was employed to fabricate MOFs with switchable chemical nature. The thermally induced Hetero Diels-Alder (HDA) reactions between cyclopendienyl (Cp) groups grafted on NH2-MIL-53-Al and dithioester based moieties were performed to prepare MOFs able to reprogrammable chemical nature. Maleimide group containing molecules of markedly different chemical nature were utilized to demonstrate the reversible switching of functionalities on furan groups containing MOF (NH2-UiO-66-Zr) presenting an unprecedented concept of a MOF that may be transformed to perform distinct functions simply by switching their chemical functionalities. The potential of thiol-ene click chemistry was utilized to postsynthetically modify MOF (IRMOF-3-Zn). The thiol–maleimide Michael addition approach allows the maleimide bearing frameworks to graft cysteine based biomolecules. All the results in the presented thesis were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
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محمد علی جناح [قائد اعظم]

محمد علی جناح
گزشتہ مہینہ جب کہ برہان کی کاپیاں پریس میں جاچکی تھیں مسٹر محمد علی جناح کے انتقال کی افسوسناک خبرملی۔ موصوف پاکستان کے معمار اولین اوراب اس کے قیام کے بعد اس کی ریڑھ کی ہڈی تھے اس بنا پر اہل پاکستان جتنا بھی غم اور ماتم کریں کم ہے لیکن اس سانحہ کاافسوس سب کوہی ہوا کیونکہ اگرچہ کچھ دن اوپر ایک برس ہواوہ ہم سے بچھڑ گئے تھے، تاہم تھے وہ معدن ہند کے ہی ایک گوہر آبدار اور ہندوستان کی شصت سالہ جدوجہد آزادی کی تاریخ کے صفحات ان کے ذکر سے بھی خالی نہیں ہیں۔
مرحوم کوعام طورپر ہندوؤں کادشمن سمجھا جاتاہے حالانکہ مسلمانوں کے قائد اعظم کا اُن پر ایک احسان ہی کیا کم ہے کہ جسے قدامت پرست ہندو خود چاہتے تھے مگرزبان سے اس کا اظہار تک نہ کرسکتے تھے وہ قائداعظم نے خودبخود کردیا یعنی ہندوستان کے آزاد ہونے کا وقت قریب آیاتوایک چھوٹا ساٹکڑا لے کریہ کہہ کر پوراملک ان کے حوالہ کردیا :
سپردم بتومایۂ خویش را
/تودانی حسابِ کم وبیش را
wاوریہاں کے مسلمانوں کوغیرموثرٔاقلیت میں تبدیل کرکے ایسا بے دست و پا بنادیا کہ اب ہندومہا سبھا تک کو ان تہی دستان قسمت پرغصہ آنے اوران کی طرف سے خوفزدہ ہونے کے بجائے ان پرترس آنے لگاہے :
کھیل ہیں دورِآسمانی کے
چنانچہ مرحوم کہابھی کرتے تھے کہ ’’ہندومجھ کواپنا دشمن سمجھتے ہیں لیکن اگر پاکستان بن گیا تووہ ہمیشہ میرے احسان مند رہیں گے اورمیرے مرنے کے بعد ان کومحسوس ہوگا میں ان کادشمن نہیں سچا دوست تھا۔‘‘
اس میں شبہ نہیں کہ مرحوم اپنی ذہانت وفطانت، قانونی اورپارلیمنٹری قابلیت و لیاقت،سیاسی سمجھ بوجھ،خوداعتمادی،قوت تحریر وخطابت،غیر معمولی قوت ارادی،مستقل مزاجی،حاضرجوابی، ان اوصاف وکمالات کے باعث عہد حاضر کے ایک بڑے آدمی تھے اورسیاسی لیڈر کی حیثیت سے ان کادامن...

Islamic Work Ethics With Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Knowledge Sharing Behaviors and Organizational Commitment: A Study on AJK Colleges

Our research paper is about to know that how Islamic work ethic (IWE) on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), Knowledge sharing behavior (KSBs) and organizational commitment between workers of colleges of Hajeera, district Rawalakot, Azad Jammu Kashmir. We take 210 workers of different colleges from Azad Jammu Kashmir for the purpose of this study. Result indicates that Islamic work Ethics (IWE) plays a strong impact on Organizational Citizenship behavior (OCB). In short one with having high Islamic work Ethics (IWE) possess more organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as one who possess low Islamic work Ethics (IWE). Our results are indicating (IWE) has a direct relationship with Knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). One with high Islamic work Ethics (IWE) possess high Knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) as one with having low Islamic work Ethics (IWE) possess low Knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). In this paper we will show you theoretical & practical implications of our results.

Bitrophic Effects of Artificial Diets of American Bollworm Helicoverpa Armigera H. on Different Biological Aspects of Bracon Hebetor Say

Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is a notorious pest of various fields and horticultural crops worldwide. Insecticides application ultimately responsible for resistance development in H. armigera, unsafe for the environment and natural enemies of insect pests. To withstand the pesticides resistance, biological control successfully helps in reducing pest population. Bracon hebetor is a cosmopolitan species that have the ability to parasitize a wide range of lepidopteran and few coleopteran hosts. As H. armigera fed on wide host range so, quality and quantity of food nutrients provided at the time of Bracon hebetor larval development is a crucial step. The need of the current research project is to focus on which best suited semi-synthetic artificial diet of H. armigera; B. hebetor developmental parameters are good and further, how it can effectively be used under the scenario of ecological conditions after getting reared on efficient host for the control of H. armigera. So we can utilize B. hebetor as an efficient biological control agent for H. armigera management. Study objectives were to screen out the best suited artificial diet of H. armigera for the rearing of B. hebetor. Investigation of B. hebetor life history traits on most efficient hosts from the screened host species for the effective rearing of B. hebetor. Determination of the effect of temperature, relative humidity regimes and host larval densities on the life history traits of B. hebetor parasitizing H. armigera. B. hebetor parasitization, reproduction, development, fitness related traits and life table parameters were observed on different pyralids, noctuids, gelechiids and curculionids under laboratory conditions (25±2°C and 70±5%) in order to find out the most suitable host for the mass rearing and inundative release purposes to control H. armigera. Results indicated that among four semi-synthetic diets (gram, rice, wheat and corn) of H. armigera, gram flour mediated diet was responsible for good biological and developmental parameters of B. hebetor under laboratory conditions. It can be successfully used for the rearing of H. armigera as a host for good parasitism and development of B. hebetor. Though, H. armigera itself was not an excellent host for the continuous rearing of parasitoid therefore, seven different hosts (six from Lepidoptera and one Coleoptera) were utilized to screen out the suitable one. Results showed that the pyralids hosts (E. kuehniella, C. cephalonica and G. mellonella) gave the best results for daily fecundity, parasitoid survival to adulthood, development time and female biased sex ratio followed by H. armigera and the worst reproduction occurred on H. postica. Among the most efficient screened pyralid hosts, B. hebetor biological parameters and fitness related traits were excellent on E. kuehniella as compared to C. cephalonica. So production of good fitness traits (wing area, tibia size and dry mass), excellent biological parameters (good immature numbers and adults emergence), short egg-adult development time and changes in THCs provide a good means for the immature development of B. hebetor within the parasitized E. kuehniella for several days. Temperature relative humidity regimes and H. armigera larval densities significantly affect the biological and developmental parameters of B. hebetor. Excellent life history parameters of B. hebetor parasitizing gram diet fed H. armigera were observed at 25°C and 60% R.H. combination. Among various larval densities of H. armigera good biological parameters of B. hebetor like production of immature numbers, short egg-adult development time, survivorship and female progeny production was significantly good on five larval density of H. armigera offered for parasitization. Therefore, it is recommended that gram mediated diet is best suited for the rearing of H. armigera in order to find out the best suited temperature, humidity combination and host larval density in the field release planning and maintenance of B. hebetor population for long term field crops management to control H. armigera. On the other hand B. hebetor quality progeny production on E. kuehniella make this insect of great potential to serve as valuable material for laboratory rearing and inundative field release to control H. armigera larval populations.