محمد سعید (۱۹۵۰ء ۔پ) سعیدؔ تخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف رومانوی شاعر فاخر ہریانوی کے بیٹے ہیں۔ (۱۱۲۹) شاعری میں اختر شیرانی اور فاخر ہریانوی کا اسلوب اختیار کیا ہے۔ حسن و عشق اور رومانیت ان کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں۔ محاکات، منظر نگاری ، تمثال کاری اور لفظی تصویر کشی سعید کی شاعری کی اہم خوبیاں ہیں:
اے موجِ ہوا دامن میں لیے خوشبو کہاں سے آئی ہے
کیا زلف دوشیزہ کی پھر رات گئے لہرائی ہے
[اُلفت کے مسافر کی قسمت میں عیش کہاں آرام کہاں
آغاز گو اتنا اچھا ہو انجام شکستہ پائی ہے
_اے شام جدائی تو ہی بتا کیا چاند میرا مل جائے گا
سو بار فلک کے گُنبد سے فریاد میری ٹکرائی ہے
یہ سرو سا قد ، یہ گل سا بدن ،بجلی سی نظر ،غنچہ سا دہن
[تم ہو تو چمن کی رونق ہے تم ہو تو چمن آرائی ہے
â۱۱۳۰)
۱۱۲۶۔رخشہ نسیم ،’’سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری ‘‘،ص:۴۸
۱۱۲۹۔ایضاً،ص:۵۶
۱۱۳۰۔ایضاً،ص:۵۷
Like other major religions of the world, sectarian division took place in Islam too. The major cause of this sectarian division was political in its nature rather than religious. Immediately after the demise of the Holy Prophet (SAW), believers were divided over the question of succession to the Prophet (SAW) which later on culminated in the shape of two sectarian factions i.e. Sunni and Shi‘ah. The present paper will give a complete account of the genesis of Islamic sects including the events that directly intensified shi’ism in Islam.
Teaching Communication Skills for the Improvement of English Language at Diploma Level in the Technical Institutes of Punjab English being an international language is a tool of communication between different countries, groups and organizations so proficiency in English language is the key to success. English language is important for the students of technical institutes as well. They should be able to understand and communicate in English language. The present study focuses on the importance of teaching communication skills to the students of technical institutes in Pakistan. The foundation of the research is based on the fact that the use of communicative teaching methodology for the students of Polytechnic institutes is of considerable importance. To gauge the effectiveness of teaching English through communicative teaching methodology to the students of Polytechnic institutes of Pakistan (delimited to Rawalpindi Polytechnic Institute) traditional teaching method was compared with communicative teaching methodology. By comparing these two methods the researcher has tried to access whether teaching English by making use of communicative activities helps in improving the language skills of students. The study was delimited to the first year students only of (D.A.E) Diploma in Associate Engineering. The study is an Experimental research and includes a Control Group and an Experimental Group. Both groups were taught for one month by the researcher. The control group was taught through traditional methodology and Experimental group through communicative methodology. Pretest and posttest are used as research tools to measure the proficiency of Control Group and Experimental Groups. To measure the proficiency of the students before teaching a Pretest was conducted to both the groups. After a whole month of teaching, a posttest was conducted to gauge the effectiveness of communicative teaching methodology. The data collected from pretest and posttest of both the groups was analyzed and the hypothesis was tested. This helped in arriving at the conclusion. The experimental approach as applied in this research has proved effective and has played significant role in improving the communication skills of the students of technical institutes.