Mangsi, Abdul Samad
PhD
Sindh Agriculture University
Tandojam
Sindh
Pakistan
2017
Completed
Agricultural Technology
English
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9210/1/Abdul_Samad_Mangsi_Animal_Products_Tech_HSR_2017_SAU_Tandojam_03.07.2018.pdf
2021-02-17 19:49:13
2024-03-24 20:25:49
1676725831826
" الشعر الحر ھو الشعر الذي یلتزم بتفعیلۃ یکررھا الشاعر في سطر، فھو شعر سطر و لیس شعر بیت فقد یتکون السطر الشعري من تفعیلۃ واحدۃ أو اثنین أو ثلاث أو أکثر‘‘[1]۔ ثم تذکر نازک الملائکۃ في کتابھا(قضایا الشعر المعاصر) بأن السؤال الذي یرد: ھو ھل أخذت أنا۔ أو أخذ بدر السیاب یرحمہ اﷲ، أسلوب الشعر الحر من البند؟[2]۔
السؤال: إلی من تنتسب ریادۃ الشعر الحر؟
تجيب الشاعر علی ھذا السؤال وتقول: ’’إنني نظمت الشعر الحر أول مرۃ عام 1946م ولم أعرف(البند) إلا إسماً فقط [3] وتقول أنھا لم تقرأ عن البند قبل سنۃ 1953م۔
وبعد صدور ’’قضایا الشعر المعاصر‘‘ سنۃ 1962م سمع الأدباء بالبند، فلا تعتقد نازک الملائکۃ أن بدر شاکر السیّاب قد سمع بالبند قبلھا، لأنھا ھي ’’نازک الملائکۃ‘‘ لم تتعرف علی البند قبل سنۃ 1953م، وذلک بعد ست سنوات من نظمھا لأول قصیدۃ حرۃ، ثم زادت الشاعرۃ بالبراھین والأدلۃ التي تؤکد أن نازک الملائکۃ ھي رائدۃ الشعر الحر، ویزید من التأکید علی ذلک کتاب الأستاذ عبدالکریم الدجیلی(الکتاب الوحید المطبوع عن البند) الصادر ببغداد سنۃ 1959م بعد ظھور الشعر الحر باثنتي عشرۃ سنۃ کاملۃ۔
وتقول نازک الملائکۃ مضیفۃ إلی کلامھا بأنّھا وضحت في (قضایا الشعر المعاصر) بأنّ الشعر الحر ظھر في العراق ثم انتشر في العالم العربي، وأن الشاعرۃ لم تکن علی علم بأن ھناک قصائد حرۃ ظھرت في البلاد العربیۃ منذ سنۃ 1932م، وذلک لأن الشاعرۃ عندما نظمت قصیدتھا الأولی (الکولیرا) في عام 1947م اعتقدت أن ھذه بدایۃ الشعر الحر في العالم العربي۔
Sulayman Bin Musa Al-Kala As Sirah Writer an Introduction and Research Analysis
Abu Al-Rab ‘ Sulaymn Bin Msá Al-Kal‘ (565 A. H -- 634 A. H) is a great Srah writer. In this article, his scholarly and personal characteristics, the list of his works, tributes from scholars to his services and scholarly rank of Al-Kal‘ are presented. After presenting his personal features, an introduction and research analysis of his book “AlIktif’ fi Maghz Al-Mutafá wa Al-thalthah Al-Khulaf ’ ” is given. Al-Kal‘ was a great scholar and authentic Srah writer. He got knowledge of Hadth from Abul ‘At’. He attended the lectures of various scholars of Hadth such as Abul Qsim bin Al-Jaysh, Abu Bakr bin Jadd, Abu Abdullh bin Zarkn, Abdullh bin Fakhkhr, Abu Muhammad bin Jamhr, Najbah bin Yahy. Many great scholars of Hadth such as Q Tnas were his pupils and brought his knowledge to far off countries. Al-Kal‘ wrote many books on Hadth and Srah. Ibn Farhn, Abul Abbs and many other scholars have praised and paid tribute to Al-Kal‘ in their works. Main objective of the book under discussion, Al-Iktif’, is to disseminate knowledge of Srah and Hadth prolifically. Al-Kal‘ has kept in mind the caution and the principles of Srah writing derived from the Holy Qur’n. Sulaymn Bin Msá has a great quality of writing Srah books. He can be called a born scholar and a writer. His quest for knowledge took him in different cities and he gained the best of knowledge and intellect that can be seen in all of his writings. He can be called a preserver and a protector of Srah literature. He is considered the most honored and dignified person among the scientific and cultural tradition of Andalusiyah. This article proves his abilities, qualities and excellence of work. Exploring the Role of a Head Teacher in Leading a Rural Government High School of District Ghotki, Sindh
The standard of government-sponsored education in Pakistan is not satisfactory. The state of affairs in education, generally in urban areas and particularly in rural areas, is of low standard. One of the obvious reasons of this state of education, given in educational research is that the government schools are ‘’under-managed and ‘’misled’’. However, very little research has been conducted to explore the role of head teachers, particularly in the rural contexts of Pakistan. This study in its nature, is the first study which is aimed at exploring the role of head teacher in leading a rural government high school of Sindh, one of the provinces of Pakistan. The study was undertaken in the qualitative research paradigm, in which grounded theory research approach was used. Data were collected through interviews, observations, informal discussions, and review of relevant documents. The main purpose of the study was to explore and understand that how a head teacher leads a government high school in a rural context. The study shows that despite having immense cultural, political, and bureaucratic challenges, the head teacher has managed to lead the school successfully. Furthermore, the study reveals that because of head teacher's distributed leadership style, he managed to receive maximum co-operation from students, teachers, parents, community members and District Education Officers. The involvement and cooperation of these stakeholders was a key to school improvement process. Study draws the conclusion that head teacher has taken strong steps to transform the school into an effective school or school as a learning community.