Safe occupational workplace and hygiene measures are important among industrial workers. Workplace related health problems are the most common of developing industry poor workers. Around the world approximately 300 million people suffer by asthma and respiration related problems. In Pakistan, there are many patients suffer by asthma and allergy complications. The highest numbers of cases have been reported in Karachi and Multan due to industrial activities and other factors. The Organic acid anhydrides (OAAs) are widely industrial chemicals used in textiles, plastics, dyes, paints, pesticides, adhesives & resin industries. The most commonly used OAAs in these industries are phthalic anhydride (PA) maleic anhydride (MA), succinic anhydride (SA), trimellitic anhydrides (TMA) and acetic anhydride (AA). These anhydrides react with proteins and form adducts (complex) contributing harmful effects of asthma and sensitization problems in the exposed workers. This study is carried out on the industrial workers of Kotri SITE Area Industrial zone located at the south west of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Allergy is major disease with two of the most common forms with (type I allergy) symptoms such as conjunctivitis, asthma, rhinitis, and (type IV allergy) allergenic contact dermatitis found commonly among exposed workers. There is lack of occupational hygiene schemes in the SITE area, Kotri. The survey data designed questionnaire was filled from workers in the study area. The survey data has been designed with questionnaire between the different worker groups filled for workers. My study is to investigate the protein role clinically and metabolically among exposed workers from local industry workers compared with healthy controls by different analytical techniques. Spectrophotometric studies were performed on UV/Visible Lambda 35 Perkin Elmer (USA) with its computer software to confirm adducts (complex) formation of selected five OAAs (maleic anhydride(MA), phthalic anhydride(PA),succinic V anhydride(SA), acetic anhydride (AA), trimellitic anhydride (TMA) ) with two major proteins like serum albumin(SA) and hemoglobin (Hb). The SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis analysis for serum albumin and hemoglobin Proteins (dye industry & Paint industry workers) was done successfully. The clinical data and demographic properties were obtained with the help of questionnaire by local physician after taking consent. The hematological parameters (blood C.P) were performed upon industry workers as powder paints may contain excess amount of anhydrides responsible for irritation and sensitization. Biochemical analysis is an extremely important study helps in diagnosis of many diseases at earliest performed most in clinical chemistry. The blood samples analyzed for determination of LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), Glucose (random), Alkaline Phosphate (Alkaline Phosphatase), SGPT (Serum aspartate aminotransferase), SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase), CPK (Creatine Phospho Kinase), Albumin (SA), Hemoglobin (Hb), Blood Urea, Creatinine, Total Protein, Total Cholestrol , Triglycerides, LDL Cholestrol, .HDL Cholestrol, Calcium (Ca),Chloride (Cl) and Potassium on flame photometer. The total immunoglobulin IgE was also investigated on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant assay (ELISA) test to associate with Plasma protein role upon exposed workers and control samples. The evaluation of Blood serum samples in different groups of exposed workers was compared with controlgroups for variation. Almost 76% of workers were affected due to protein binding with hazardous anhydrides and indicated as community problem for improving the quality of life.
سی حرفی ۔۸ (تن بیتاں وچ مکمل) الف آماہی، ’ب‘ بہت تھکی، ت تاہنگ تیری پئی مار دی اے ث ثابتی نہیں، ’ج‘ جگر باہجوں، ’ح‘ حالت گئی گھر بار دی اے خ خوشی گئی، ’د‘ دکھ بہتے، ’ذ‘ ذکر تے فکر سب یار دی اے ر رب وارث، ’ز‘ زاریاں دا، ’س‘ سک حنیف دیدار دی اے
ش شوق لگا، ’ص‘ صادقاں دا، ’ض‘ ضعف نہیں کجھ نتار دا اے ط طوق پیا، ’ظ‘ ظالماں دا، ’ع‘ عاشقاں ہانگرا دار دا اے غ غم لگا، ’ف‘ فکر ڈاہڈا، ’ق‘ قسم مینوں شوق یار دا اے ک کون کٹے، ’ل‘ لکھ دتا،’م‘ مویاں نوں یار کیوں مار دا اے
ن نیہہ ڈونگھی، چڑھی گھٹ کالی، اساں لنگھنا پہلڑے پور یارو و واہ کوئی نہیں، ہور راہ کوئی نہیں، ’ہ‘ ہڑ دا سماں ضرور یارو لا لا مکان دا پتہ دسے، ’ی‘ یاد نہ مان غرور یارو ے یار حنیف بھلائی دنیا، کیڈ پائے نیں عشق فتور یارو
The Islamic laws prevent us from the evil deeds. As well as, according to Shariah, it is permissible and sometimes even compulsory to save the believers from the actions that may lead them towards the banned activities. Therefore, the ruling of prohibition from these types of activities is called Sadd-e-Zaree’a. This is the principle extracted from the Quran and Sunnah. As Almighty Allah forbade the believers to say ‘Ra’ina’ because this word was used by Jews knowingly in a wrong manner with evil intentions, whereas, Muslims presented their requests by this same word in the highest court of The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for seeking easiness and relaxation in their concerned matters. As in Quran: O People who Believe, do not say (to the Prophet Mohammed- peace and blessings be upon him), " Ra’ina (Be considerate towards us)" but say, " Unzurna (Look mercifully upon us)", and listen attentively in the first place. [Baqarah 2: 104]. (To disrespect the Holy Prophet – peace and blessings be upon him – is blasphemy.) Another example by Hadith, in this regard, it is also evidenced by the good character of The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that sometimes He stopped himself intentionally from the permissible activities lest the common masses may involve in undesired activities on the basis of The Holy Prophet’s act. Concisely, keen consideration is required on rational basis when explaining the Shariah rulings of any matter. Otherwise, the beauty andbenefits of the Shariah may be lost. Consequently, to prevent from the future turmoil is actually the spirit of Sadd-e-Zaree’ah. As this is the actually basic need and prerequisite of Shariah. It saves and prevents its believers form expected turmoil. Therefore, if the risk of turmoil would trigger with committing the permissible activity it must be abandoned due to the risk of turmoil.
Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary disruptions of verbal expression. It occurs in about 5 % of pre-school children, where it frequently resolves spontaneously. However, stuttering persists in some individuals and thus about 1 % of the general population remains affected. Although the causes of this disorder remain very poorly understood, there is good evidence for genetic contributions to stuttering. To help elucidate the genetics of stuttering at a molecular level, we studied large families from the African and Pakistani populations in which this disorder occurs. We enrolled 3 large families from the Republic of Cameroon and 6 consanguineous families from Pakistan, all containing multiple members who stutter. Family members were diagnosed using the Stuttering Severity Instrument - 3. We performed a genome wide linkage scan using the Weber 10 microsatellite marker panel on three African families. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping using the Illumina 6K Chip was also done in the African families, as well as in the five newly ascertained Pakistani families. The program Pedcheck was used to test for proper inheritance within families. One African family was excluded from further analysis due to multiple inheritance inconsistencies. Here we report linkage results from one African family, designated CAMST01 and 5 Pakistani families. No significant linkage was found in family CAMST01 in the initial parametric linkage analysis. Additional non-parametric analysis was performed using the program MERLIN, however CAMST01 was broken into smaller sub-families for analysis to overcome the computational constraints of this program. When this was done, several SNPs on chromosome 15q displayed 2-point LOD scores of more than 3. In this analysis, no LOD scores exceeding 3 were observed at any other loci across the genome. In subsequent multipoint analyses on chromosome 15q, a LOD score exceeding 6 was obtained at this locus. Support for these initial linkage findings was obtained by typing microsatellite markers in this region, which also showed a significant two-point LOD score over 3. In addition, suggestive LOD scores of 2.5 were observed on chromosomes 12 and 6 when SNP linkage analysis was performed on each sub- pedigree alone and in pairs of sub-pedigrees. The region on chromosome 15 that contains markers showing significant LOD scores extends from 15q15.1 to 15q21.3, and is flanked by SNP markers rs1009913 (at map position 42.69 cM) and rs690054 (at map position 51.72 cM). Five consanguineous Pakistani stuttering families (designated PKST families) were also genotyped for 6090 SNPs on the Illumina plateform. Significant linkage, with a LOD score of 3.25 under an autosomal recessive model of inheritance, was observed on chromosome 3q13.13- 3q21.2 in family, PKST77. Analyses under dominant and additive models of inheritance produced no significant evidence for linkage in this family. Further genotyping of microsatellite markers and additional SNPs in this region defined a linkage interval spanning 14.2 Mb. Within this linkage interval, the exons of the candidate gene DRD3 (Dopamine Receptor D3) were sequenced in affected and unaffected individuals, however no novel variation was observed. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to the previously reported linkage to stuttering on chromosome 12 {Riaz, 2005 #96}, additional stuttering genes reside on chromosome 15 and on chromosome 3. Our results also formally prove the existence of genetic heterogeneity in the origins of this disorder.