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Development and Evaluation of Aloevera Gel Based Edible Coating for Shelf Life Extension of Tomatoes

Thesis Info

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Author

Firdous, Nida

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Food Science & Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11612/1/Nida%20Firdous_Food%20Tech_2019_UAF_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725855446

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Pakistan’s fresh produce market has significance worldwide that can contribute to improving the social and economic status of the country. But due to improper handling and transportation postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables are up to 20-50%. To address this main issue an innovative edible coating based on aloevera gel was used as a post-harvest preservation technique in place of other chemical based treatments to conserve quality and safety aspects of tomatoes. Tomatoes are productive and protective in term of economical and nutritional importance. The objectives of this study were to develop and optimize an aloevera gel-based edible coating that acts as a bio preservative and to study the effect of storage, temperature and functional components of aloevera on physicochemical parameters related to tomato quality and safety and also to boost the nutritional quality and shelf life of coated tomatoes. For this purpose, an edible coating from aloevera was developed, analyzed and applied on tomatoes. There were five treatments (Ao, A20, A40, A60, A80) varying in aloevera gel concentration from 0% to 80%. Aloevera gel-based edible coating was analyzed for its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Immersion method was adopted to apply the coating solution on tomatoes. Hence, the inclusive impact on quality and safety aspects of tomatoes was determined by changing aloevera gel concentration. Samples carrying different percentages of aloevera gel were analyzed for their compositional (antioxidants, sugar, ascorbic acid, TSS, total phenols, minerals, pectin, carotenoids, flavonoids, lycopene, volatiles), physiochemical (pH, acidity, color, decay %, fruit disease index, physiological loss in weight, fruit size, rate of fruit spoilage, respiration rate, ethylene production), textural (hardness, firmness), microbiological (total plate count, coliforms, Botrytis cineria), toxicological (hemolytic test, Ames test), microstructural, coating gel efficiency (homogeneity, coating thickness, wettability, microstructure) and sensory analysis during a storage period of 30 days at 13°C with an interval of 10 days. All analyses were performed in triplicate and statistical analyses were conducted. Results revealed that treatment, storage and their interaction had highly significant effects on keeping quality of tomatoes. It was observed that coating with 80% and 60% aloevera gel had shown the best results and maintained overall quality, safety, sensory and nutritional characteristics of coated tomatoes. On the other hand, control sample shows fast ripening and deteriorated in just 10 to 15 days of storage while the shelf life of coated tomatoes was extended up to 30 days. Percent weight loss of the control treatment was 20% as compared to the A80 treatment where it was only 4%. Only a 0.4% percent change in size was observed in the A80 treatment as compared to a 13% size modification in A0. Control treatment showed 92% decay at 30th day while 7.69% decay was observed in tomatoes coated with 80% aloevera gel. A significant decrease in acidity value of control tomatoes was observed from 4.56 to 4.28. Color changes were more abrupt in A0 up to 31.69% as compared to A80 having 19.73% changes. Percent decrease in firmness was higher in A0 at 37% while it was 11.46% in A80. Microstructural analysis showed that coating tomatoes with coating solution having 40% aloevera gel gave uniformity and continuity on the surface of tomatoes. Compositional and nutritional analyses revealed that the nutritional status of tomatoes was stable in the cases of the A80 and A60 treatments, but visual aspects of the A40 treatment was best as revealed by sensory analysis. It can be concluded from the results that an aloevera gel-based edible coating formulation with a higher percentage of aloevera gel was very capable of extending shelf life of tomatoes and thus should be used commercially as a technologically viable post-harvest preservation technique.
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استفہام بمقصد تاکید

استفہام بمقصد تاکید

ڈاکٹر عبید اللہ فہد فراہی کی نظر میں بعض اوقات استفہام سےسوال کرنا مقصود نہیں ہوتا بلکہ تاکید کےلیے بھی یہ اسلوب استعمال ہوتا ہے ۔ قرآن پاک میں استفہام کایہ اسلوب تاکید وتعظیم کے معنی میں بہت استعمال ہوا ہے ۔ [[1]] سورۃ القیامہ میں مندرجہ ذیل آیات میں استفہام کا زور دیکھیے:

" أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِنْ مَنِيٍّ يُمْنَى ، ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّى ، فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى ، أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى "۔ [[2]]

"کیا وہ ایک گاڑھے پانی کا قطرہ نہ تھا جو ٹپکایا گیا تھا ؟ پھر لہو کا لوتھڑا ہوگیا پھر اللہ نے اسے پیدا کیا اور درست بنادیا۔ پھر اس سے جوڑے یعنی نر مادہ بنائے۔ کیا (اللہ تعالیٰ ) اس (امر) پر قادر نہیں کہ مردے کو زندہ کر دے"۔

: " هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ حِينٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْئًا مَذْكُورًا “[[3]]

"انسان پر کبھی ایسا وقت آیاہے کہ نہیں جب وہ کوئی قابل چیز نہیں تھا) اس سورۃ کی ابتداء استفہام ،تاکید ،تقریر اورانسانی قلب کو ایک نرم لمس کے ساتھ ہوئی ہے "۔ (۲۷)



[[1]]         فلاحی، ڈاکٹر عبید اللہ فہد، قرآن مبین کے ادبی اسالیب، دار التذکیر، لاہور، ۱۹۹۹ء، ص۱۳۱۔

[[2]]          القرآن ، ۷۵ :۳۷۔ ۴۰

[[3]]         القرآن ، ۷۶: ۱۔

Critical Approach to Perceptions of Bernard Lewis Regarding Islamic Political & Social Practices

Bernard Lewis is a representative scholar of eastern studies and western thoughts, and he is the most influential political figure in the U.S politics. So his thoughts play an important and vital role in academic and political fields of the West. Most of his writings explore his prejudiced attitude toward Islam and Muslims. He wrote many books about the teachings of Islam. Islam being a universal religion is an interesting topic for western intelligentsia like Lewis. There are many institutes of Islamic studies in their universities and many think tanks are working on various aspects of Islamic teaching for multiple purposes. In some educational institutions of the west revisionist orientalists such as Andrew Rippin are teaching Islamic thoughts from a critical and revisionist perspective which is quite contrary to the traditional Islamic teachings. Bernard Lewis is attached with The RAND cooperation (the most influential think tank of U.S.A) and most of his writings are evident of his prejudiced theories about political and social practices of Muslims.

Prediction of Suspected Criminals Using Weighted Ranking Engine

Law enforcement departments are using several criminal databases which contain different parameters related to crimes and criminals. This data is critical for investigation. There is a need to apply data mining techniques on such data to identify interesting patterns and influential parameters. These influential parameters can be used by the law enforcement departments for crime control and investigation. Criminal profiling is used by law enforcement agencies as an investigation tool to predict the suspected offenders and to extract similar patterns which help in prediction of future offences. Different criminal profiling techniques were proposed based on crime nature, geographic locations, physical characteristics, crime scene parameters, modus operandi, victim details, forensic evidence, recency, prolificness and actual location. In Pakistan generally and in the province of Khyber Paktunkhwa particularly, less work has been done in criminal profiling. In this research, a predictive system for criminal profiling has been proposed based on a mathematical model. The mathematical model is constructed from a list of attributes which are critical for criminal profiling. A scoring engine has been designed which assigns scores to criminals on the basis of which they are classified into high-profile (habitual), medium-profile, and low-profile (non-habitual) criminals. This classification will greatly help the law enforcement departments in the process of investigation, prediction and management of criminals. Dataset of prison department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been used in this research. There are thirty attributes available in the dataset from which twenty two have been selected using attribute selection method. Some attributes are derived from the existing attributes and finally a list of attributes has been made for research purposes. The findings of this research shows that five attributes have strong correlation with high act crimes that are: total number of hearings, recovery in high act crime, total number of group members, total number of non-blood visitors and crime frequency. There are three attributes that have strong negative correlation with the high act crimes which are: prison duration, number of dependents and education. On the basis of these attributes a mathematical scoring model is constructed which is used for criminals profiling.