مولوی عبدالغنی صاحب وارثی عظیم آبادی
اس مہینہ ہماری قوم کے ایک اور فاضل نے داغِ مفارقت دیا، یعنی جناب مولوی عبدالغنی صاحب وارثی عظیم آبادی نے وہ مضافات بہار میں سے استہاداں نام ایک مردم خیز قصبہ میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، عربی کے فاضل انگریزی کے عالم تھے، عربی کی تعلیم آرہ کے مدرسہ میں پائی تھی۔ اس وقت انگریزی کا نیانیا دور تھا، انہوں نے عربی کتابیں ختم کرکے اس وقت علی گڑھ کے مدرستہ العلوم میں انگریزی پڑھی، جب کہ وہ ایک اسکول کا جھوپڑا تھا، انگریزی تعلیم کے بعد انہوں نے بانکی پور میں اخبار نویسی کی زندگی اختیار کی، پھر حیدرآباد گئے، اور مترجمی کے عہدے پر ممتاز ہوئے اور آخر رفتہ رفتہ اسسٹنٹ جنرل سرکار حیدرآباد ہوئے۔ حیدرآباد میں اس بزم کے ممبر تھے جس کے صدر نشین علامہ شبلی، مولوی عبدالحلیم شرر اور مولوی عزیز مرزا مرحوم تھے، چند مہینہ ہوئے کہ پنشن پاکر خانہ نشین ہوئے تھے کہ وفعتہ ۱۰، جون ۱۹۱۸ء کی شب کو درد سینہ سے وفات ہوئی۔
مرحوم کو اخلاق و تصوف سے فطری ذوق تھا، اسی لئے ان کی تصنیفات زیادہ تر اسی موضوع پر ہیں، بوذاسف و بلوہر جو اصل میں ایک ہندی قصہ اور بودھ کی زندگی اور تعلیم کا خلاصہ ہے۔ مسلمانوں کے عہد عروج میں اس کا عربی میں ترجمہ ہوا تھا، پھر کلیلہ و منہہ کی طرح وہ عربی سے دنیا کی اکثر زبانوں میں منتقل ہوا۔ مولوی صاحب مرحوم عربی سے اردو کا نہایت عمدہ ترجمہ کرکے ہندوستان کی کھوئی ہوئی دولت کو پھر ہندوستان واپس لائے، یہ قصہ اس قدر پر اثر اور ہندی تمثیلات سے اس قدر مملو ہے کہ شبہ ہوتا ہے کہ کیا موجودہ انجیل اسی سے ماخوذ ہے، عربی میں اخلاق کی ایک اور...
Religion is considered as an integral part of individuals’ daily routine practices in the society. People perform religious obligations very rigorously and avoid all the religiously declared prohibited acts. This current study aims, to identify the role of group conformity towards adopting sectarian identities by individuals with the emphasis of exploring the practices of sectarian identities that causes an environment of inter-group disintegration in the community. This study will be significant in recommending initiatives that can create an environment of harmony between people belonging to different sectarian believers. Qualitative research method was applied to analyze group conformity and individuals’ behavior towards practicing sectarian identities. Population was based on rural setup of Manddi Faiẓ Abad. Twelve participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. Structured interview guide was used as data collection tool and themes was extracted to describe existing trends and patterns regarding group conformity and sectarian identity construction. Results revealed efficacious role of group conformity to encourage individuals towards adopting and practicing any particular sectarian identity in the society. Results highlighted that, desire of getting religious hegemony and supremacy with the courtesy of group conformity that make individuals intolerant on sectarian grounds and creates an environment of disintegration in the society. Sectarian difference not only creates religious
Pakistan Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) sector companies are facing a significant competition among themselves. Aerospace spares supply chains are highly complex due to volatile and high demands. The dire predicament is further affected due to the highly competitive global market, characterized by other airlines and aerospace sector companies with more robust Electronic Supply Chain Management (ESCM) systems. Such a competitive environment demands more effective and efficacious supply chain management systems, implying a strong need by the MRO sector to embrace effective ESCM systems. This study was aimed at developing a framework for effective implementation of electronic supply chain management in aviation MRO sector of Pakistan to manage the ever-changing needs among the consumers as a result of tough competition and globalization. Study involved primarily quantitative analysis, however, four key independent/mediating variables were identified through content analysis. After content analysis, quantitative method was used to measure the impact of these variables on dependent variable (ESCM). For quantitative analysis, questionnaire was responded by 924 respondents from Pakistan’s aircraft MRO sector companies. Both SPSS and AMOS tools were used to analyse the impact of three independent and one mediating variable on ESCM. Results validation was also done through case study. Findings of study highlighted that all three independent variables (social influence, IT infrastructure and IT training) and mediating variable (IT competence) have significant effect on the dependent variable (ESCM implementation). Confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modelling / AMOS) also confirmed a significant mediating effect of DEVELOPMENT OF FRAMEWORK FOR e-SCM IMPLEMENTATION ii IT Knowledge and IT Experience (Expanded factors of IT Competence) on ESCM implementation. The results indicate that significance of social influence has been central among the e-SCM adoption models. The research while analysing the impact of Information Technology (IT) variables on e-SCM, found that within IT infrastructure domain, key deficiencies among the MROs in Pakistan related largely to the human resource aspect. The study also highlights that role of IT deployment capability is not limited to the physical IT infrastructure. It must be balanced with managerial IT skills (e.g. IT knowledge management and experience in IT projects management) for effective linking of information flows across organizational boundaries. The research augments the existing literature that IT training can facilitate in ensuring seamless supply chain but this improvement could come through empowerment of employees specially those working in IT division. With regard to IT competence, this study highlights that its role cannot be underscored. IT competence was further expanded into Knowledge and Experience element. In the field of IT competence, the principal challenges were identified in IT experience domain, which seemed to be lacking within the Pakistan MRO industry. The study is unique in the aspects that e-SCM implementation in Pakistan’s MRO sector has not been reviewed in existing literature and secondly the study provides the structural composition of elements for e-SCM implementation in conjunction with Social Influence, IT Infrastructure, IT Training and IT Competence through an integrated framework. Study results may provide a guideline to the managers for increasing the scope and magnitude of e-SCM. The organizational capabilities identified in study results could provide a guideline to management while transforming their conventional supply chains into those based on the internet-based supply chain network.Improving upon the motivation, social impact value and IT competence/skill level through workshops, seminars, training programs and more investments for digitalization of systems could help in more smooth e-SCM implementation in MRO sector companies. Study highlights experience in IT projects along with general IT management in IT as the weak links in e SCM implementation. Findings of research work confirm that e-SCM implementation through combined effect of study variables are significant for enhancing companies’ performance (reduction in order lead times, better inventory management, life tracking etc.) as validated through case study as well. Limitations of study with future research directions have been discussed in last part of this thesis.