Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is the applied form of Group Technology (GT) in the manufacturing sector. CMS has the flexibility of job shop and efficiency of flow shop, besides having reduced material handling cost, reduced work in-process inventory and reduced setup time, thus brings about major decrease in the manufacturing cost and increase in quality of the final product. Though, having many benefits, it is a challenging task to get the benefits associated with CMS for the complex, real world problems. Most of the researchers have focused on the cell formation component of the CMS, which comprise of grouping parts into families and clustering machines (required to process these parts families) into cells. However, the operations related information such as processing time and sequence are rarely considered. The use of optimum manufacturing resources can be materialized through effective and efficient scheduling system. Therefore, current research focuses on the cell formation problem and the cell scheduling was also executed to complete the operational aspects of CMS and make it more useful for shop floor managers. All the benefits associated with CMS can be achieved through solving cell formation problem along with cells scheduling. In order to develop a comprehensive operational framework for CMS, two sub-frameworks were developed in this research study. First sub-framework was developed for solution of Cell Formation Problem (CFP) through a novel hybrid Genetic Algorithm (hybridization of Genetic Algorithm with Simulated Annealing and employing shake-off). The second sub-framework, which is a hybrid Genetic Algorithm-similar to CFP, was developed for solution of cells scheduling problem (solved as job shop scheduling problem as each cell is considered like a job shop). The effectiveness of each sub-framework was separately validated through testing of a number of problems from literature. The testing results of 35 CFP problems produced 24 best results with overall mean of 66.20. The proposed approach not only achieved the best solutions consistently, with minimum computational time, but also improved the results of two problems (problems 29 and 33), reporting it for the first time. The testing of 38 job shop scheduling problems produced best optimal results for all tested problems (i.e. matched the best results reported in literature so far). These two sub frameworks were successfully combined sequentially into the final outcome in the form of a comprehensive operational framework for Cellular Manufacturing System, resulting in part-machines clusters (with its grouping efficacy) and schedules for each cell (with its make span) displayed in the form of a Gantt chart. Moreover, validation through an industrial case study was successfully carried out, which further demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed CMS operational framework. Keywords: Group Technology; Cellular Manufacturing System; Machine-Part Grouping; Genetic Algorithms; Simulated Annealing; Grouping Efficacy; Job Shop Scheduling; Makes Span; Operational Framework
Chapters
Title |
Author |
Supervisor |
Degree |
Institute |
Title |
Author |
Supervisor |
Degree |
Institute |
Title |
Author |
Supervisor |
Degree |
Institute |
Title |
Author |
Supervisor |
Degree |
Institute |
Book |
Author(s) |
Year |
Publisher |
Book |
Author(s) |
Year |
Publisher |
Chapter |
Author(s) |
Book |
Book Authors |
Year |
Publisher |
Chapter |
Author(s) |
Book |
Book Authors |
Year |
Publisher |
Similar News
Headline |
Date |
News Paper |
Country |
Headline |
Date |
News Paper |
Country |
Similar Articles
Article Title |
Authors |
Journal |
Vol Info |
Language |
Article Title |
Authors |
Journal |
Vol Info |
Language |
Similar Article Headings
Heading |
Article Title |
Authors |
Journal |
Vol Info |
Heading |
Article Title |
Authors |
Journal |
Vol Info |
65. At-Talaq/Annulment of the marriage
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
65:01
a. O The Prophet!
b. Tell the Faithful that when any one of you would intend to divorce your women/wives, divorce them at a time when their prescribed waiting periods can properly start.
c. And count their waiting periods of three monthly cycles accurately,
d. and be mindful of Allah, your Rabb - The Lord.
e. Do not make them leave their houses where they have lived with their husbands, nor should they leave by themselves at their own discretion,
f. unless they are guilty of a flagrant obscenity.
g. And these are the limits set by Allah.
h. And whoever would violate and overstep the limits set by Allah will have surely wronged himself.
i. You never know that Allah may bring about a positive change of circumstances afterwards.
65:02
a. And once they have completed their waiting period,
b. then either keep them honorably, or part with them honorably.
c. And in either case, call to witness two persons of just character among you to the pronouncement of divorce or to its revocation.
d. And O Witnesses!
e. Give truthful witnessing with due consciousness as if before Allah.
f. This is to warn anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Hour.
g. And HE will make a way out of every difficulty and embarrassment for whoever would fear
disobedience of Allah.
65:03
a. And Allah will provide him sustenance of his need from such an unexpected source that he cannot even imagine.
b. And whoever would trust Allah, then HE will be sufficient for him for all his...
Cards are the plastic money of current era, and Kafala by means of their warranty is little much we know about. In this article we will discuss the necessity, use and framework of Kafala for the Debit & Credit cards issued by banks and financial institutes, in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah, Ijma-e-Umma and religious researchers.
Teaching and learning mathematics is still considered a difficult task. It is believed that mathematics is based on universal and absolute foundations and the learning of mathematics should involve rules, facts and principles. Moreover, a one-way teaching strategy is being used in the mathematics classroom. Innovative teaching strategies such as, cooperative learning, activity-based learning and investigation are not used often in the mathematics classroom. Similarly, teacher-student interactions highly influence the teaching and learning process but these have not been given much importance while teaching and learning mathematics. Very few studies have been done in the Western countries in this regard but no such study has been conducted in the context of Pakistan. Thus, this study focused on teacher perceptions of teacher-student interactions in the mathematics classroom using inquiry-based teaching. The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of lower-secondary level teachers about student-teacher interactions in an inquiry-based mathematics classroom in Karachi, Pakistan. Two teachers - one from a public and the other from a private school - were selected for the study. The differences and similarities of both teachers' perceptions about teacher-student interactions and their teaching and learning practices in the real classroom situation were identified using a comparative case study method. Audio-taped semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, checklists, pre and post-lesson conferences and held notes were used to collect the data. In addition, the students' manner of interaction with the teacher in the classroom during teaching and learning mathematics was closely examined. The data was analyzed as two separate case studies, which presented detailed biographical data about the two teachers, their theoretical frameworks and actual practices, with interpretations and analysis. The synthesis of this study uncovers a number of issues emerging from the analysis of the findings. For instance, the teachers’ attitudes towards teaching and learning mathematics, the impact of professional development opportunities and the nature of self-reflection might play a key role in reshaping the teachers' perceptions which may interest other mathematics teachers, teacher educators, teacher education programmes and research in education in general.