Bismuth and lead based MOFs (1–21) have been synthesized by using eight different organic linkers. For better understanding and comparison of structural and bonding aspects, these linkers were divided into four categories (A–D). This categorization was made on the basis of functional molecules present in them. Category A include linkers having only dicarboxylate groups i.e., (biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDA), 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6-NDA), 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2TDC), 2-bromoterephthalic acid (H2-BTA)),Category B include linker having dicarboxylate and hydroxyl groups i.e., (5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (H2HIA)), Category C include linkers having monocarboxylate and thione groups i.e., (2-mercapto-3-methyl-4 thiazoleacetic acid (H2MMTA), 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (H2MBA)) and Category D include linker having thione and hydroxyl groups i.e., (4,6-dihydroxy-2-mercapto pyrimidine (H2-DMP)). MOFs (1–9) were synthesized from A linkers, MOFs (10–12) were synthesized from B linker. Similarly MOFs (13–18) were synthesized from C linkers and MOFs (19–21) were synthesized from D linker. The morphological and other structural aspects of all these MOFs (1–21) have been established on the basis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Powder X-ray diffraction techniques and in case of MOF (13) single-crystal X-ray diffraction have been used. MOF (13) exhibited orthorhombic crystal system in which central lead metal ions form a chain which is bridged to other chains through H2MMT linker to form a 3D framework. The octahedron around each lead was hemidirected. Powder XRD revealed orthorhombic system for MOFs (2, 4–13, 15 & 18–21), trigonal xx crystal system for MOF (3), hexagonal crystal system for MOF (12) and monoclinic crystal system for MOFs (16 & 17). Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to investigate the thermal stability of all MOFs (1–21). It was observed that all bismuth MOFs (3, 5, 15 & 18) are relatively more stable than lead based MOFs (1–4, 6–11, 13, 14, 16, 17–20). All these MOFs exhibited appreciable to good luminescence activity. Lead-based MOFs exhibited better emission at 527 nm, 499 nm and 514 nm among all other MOFs. Adsorption behavior is a key focus in MOFs application. Hence BET studies for MOFs (1–21) were investigated to estimate the surface area that is in the range 196-5316 m2/g. Among these MOFs, highest surface area was found to be3699 m2/g for (6), 2866.5 m2/g for (10), 3266.5 m2/g for (11), 5130 m2/g for (14), 5316 m2/g for (15), 2184m2/g for (18) and 3477 m2/g for (21) and showed appreciable to good adsorption capacity (17.62 mmol/g (6), 11.12 mmol/g (10), 6.23 mmol/g (11),9.12 mmol/g (14), 11.90 mmol/g (15), 1.84 mmol/g (18) and 13.66 mmol/g (21)) for N2. Bismuth is surprisingly less toxic relative to its neighboring elements (Pb & Tl). Therefore we have also investigated antibacterial activity of bismuth MOFs against three Gram-Positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes). All bismuth MOFs exhibited appreciable to good inhibitory affects against these microorganisms than free linkers. Higher activity was observed against bacillus cereus compared to other strains. The increasing order of the activity for bismuth MOFs against bacillus cereus are MOFs (21)> MOF (18)> MOF (15)> MOF (3)> MOF (5)> MOF (12).
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
11:01 Alif. Lam. Ra’ This - Qur’an - is a Divine Book with Clear Injunctions that are distinctly explained. This is from The One and Only Allah, WHO is All-Wise and All-Knowing of everything,
11:02 proclaiming: Do not submit in worship to anyone apart from Allah – The One and Only God. Truly I – Muhammad ibn Abdallah - am designated as a warner as well as a herald of good news to you from HIM.
11:03 And: Seek forgiveness from your Rabb - The Lord and turn towards HIM in awe and repentance. Whereupon HE will provide you with best things of life for an appointed period, and favor those with blessings who are worthy of HIS Grace. d. But if you turn away, then, I fear for you the punishment of an Awful Time - the Time of Resurrection.
11:04 To Allah, you all have to go back - for HE Manifests Sovereignty over all creations.
11:05 Look, how they are folding up their hearts trying to hide disbelief and hypocrisy from HIM. However, even as they wrap themselves up with their outer garments, HE still Knows what they conceal and what they reveal, for HE Knows full well what lies within their hearts.
11:06 There is not a living creature on the earth but its livelihood is provided by Allah. And HE Knows its time-limit on earth and habitation and its final resting place - for everything is recorded in a Clear Book.
إذا كان التفكير الفلسفي منذ القدم قد جعل المعرفة وما يضمن شروط صدقها وعدم كذبها جزءا أساسيا من اهتماماته، فإن تناول هذه الإشكالية ظل دوما مرتبطا بما يميز كل فلسفة، مثلما هو مرتبط من جهة أخرى باللحظة التاريخية وبهيمنة بعض القضايا النظرية خلال تلك الحقبة. وقد تطور تناول هذا الإشكالية، من كونه إشكالية مرتبطة بأرسطو وبلغته الفلسفية والمنطقية التي تقوم على الحدود والقضايا والمقولات، إلى إشكالية الفلسفة الحديثة التي تقوم على سؤال مصادر المعرفة: بين العقلي والحسي-التجريبي، وما يرتبط بذلك من قضايا مثل آليات اشتغال العقل ودور الحسي والعواطف الانفعالات في إنتاج المعرفة والعلم، فضلا عن منزلة الرياضيات ومناهجها في إقامة وتطور المعرفة العلمية والفلسفية بالإنسان والطبيعة. من هنا تأتي أهمية تناول هذا المقال لموقف ''لايبنيز'' (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz) من مصادر المعرفة، وذلك للكشف عن أساس نظرية المعرفة ومبادئها انطلاقا من مفهوم الجوهر والموناد وتكامل العلاقة بين الإيمان والعقل، القائم على أساس العناية الإلهية. وقد عمل ''لايبنيز'' على إبراز وجهة نظره من خلال الرد على الفلاسفة السابقين مما يجعله تمهيدا أساسيا لفهم أهمية تلك المواقف وجعل العودة إليها أمرا حاسما في فهم هذه الإشكالية
This study is an endeavor to explore the factors behind poor performance in the manufacturing sector (discrete/engineering sector) in particular and miscellaneous industry in general of Pakistan. Through this study, author has attempted to suggest a policy framework and development of the expert system that will improve the day to day manufacturing operations of an organization. A coherent search of literature and cohesive exploration of data from repository of GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), Economic Survey of Pakistan etc. and other published literature reveal that poor growth rate of manufacturing sector and its dismal contribution to the GDP (Gross domestic product ) is due to the lack of adopting modern manufacturing techniques at organization level. Japanese techniques (JTs) like JIT, 5S, Kaizen, Quality Circle, TPM, Poka-Yoke, zero defect, cellular manufacturing and work improvement teams, have been adopted/implemented by manufacturing organizations in good numbers, worldwide to improve their competitiveness and performance. The nature and degree of success through the use of the above techniques has, however, been nations’ specific in general. The study also provides insight about the experience of Pakistani industry regarding the implementation of JTs. A structured instrument (questionnaire) containing both closed and open-ended questions were used for collecting the critical information. The collected data is subjected to descriptive analysis, hypothesis testing, and co-relation analysis. Besides, elucidating general information about implementation of JTs namely, post implementation ages, status of implementation, effectiveness, triggers prompting to adopt JTs and factors facilitating implementation of JTs. The investigation explodes the significant relations between various outcomes, benefits and specific techniques such as JTs. Thus the proposed expert system enables both the user and the policy maker to suggest specific technique(s) to address particular sicknesses of the industry in order to obtain desired outcome/benefit. Based on the significance of the relationships between techniques and effects, a frame work of the remedial policy has been put forth. The work forms a basis for regional and cluster specific research in future.