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ؑحضورؐ! آپؐ نے ریگِ تپاں کو لعل کیا
جہانِ دشتِ کو یوں شہرِ بے مثال کیا
رفیقِ خاص کو صدیقؓ کا لقب بخشا
وہ ترجمان تھے ماضی کے ، شانِ حال کیا
جسے تھی اونٹ چرانے میں دقّتیں بے حد
دعا کے ساتھ اُسے صاحبِ کمال کیا
غنیؓ کی دولتِ دنیا کو حسنِ دیں بخشا
حیا کے پیکرِ احسن کو خوش خصال کیا
لعابِ پاک کا فیضانِ خاص تھا جس نے
علیؑ کو شوکتِ خیبر سے مالامال کیا
مقامِ احسنِ تقویم پایا ، اسفل نے
جہاں میں منصبِ انسانیت بحال کیا
تمام روئے زمیں سجدہ گاہ کر ڈالی
خدا نے اُمتِ محبوبؐ کا خیال کیا
رہِ حیات میں جب بھی چلے ہیں تیرِ الم
تو یادِ مونسِ جاںؐ کو غموں میں ڈھال کیا
یہ نعتِ پاک کا عرفانؔ! فیض ہے جس نے
ہر ایک حرفِ سخن تیرا لازوال کیا
Democracy in Nigeria is characterised by corruption, irregularities and injustice. The level of political hostility in the country has resulted in loss of lives and properties and as a result, there have been hindrances to peace and national development to prevail in Nigeria. Hence, the ugly political developments have generated a lot of concerns and questions such as what are the causes of the political unrest in Nigeria? Is democracy really paying off as a political system in Nigeria? What has been the result of democracy in Nigeria? Can there be a better political system in Nigeria? If so, can Islamic political system fulfil the longing of Nigerians? Answers to these questions shall form the body of this research. The research discovers the absence of fairness in the electoral process and bad governance in Nigeria. This research reveals the flaws in effectiveness of democracy as a system of government in Nigeria. It proposes adopting an alternative model of governance. Lastly, this research contemplates the Islamic political model for a better Nigeria.
In the present workpyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (5-24) were synthesized by two step reaction sequence involving Knoevenagel condensation and Doebner Miller reaction. Compounds (5-24) were availed by fusion of Knoevenagel adducts (5benzylidenepyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione and 5-(3-nitrobenzylidene)pyrimidine2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione) (3a-b) with anilines viz.sulfanilamide, 4-amino-N-(thiazol-2yl)benzenesulfonamide, sulfamethazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethoxazole, paminobenzoic acid, p-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 3-hydroxyaniline, p-phenylaniline, 5amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-aminoacetophenone, 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4aminoacetophenone and 4-chloroaniline (4a-o) in an oil bath at 170-265 oCafforded desired compounds in moderate to good yields (55-74%). All the compounds were tediously characterized. The prepared compounds (5-19) were tested for their in vitro antioxidant activity and at all instances they exhibited excellent activity in comparison to control Ascorbic acid. Compounds (20-24) were selectively screened for in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activities as these compounds has active pharmacophores in the structure. The most active compounds were 23, 21 and 22 having MIC 0.5, 1.25 and 1.75 µg respectively against P. vulgaris where ampicillin (MIC 2.25 µg) was employed as positive control. In case K. pneumonia compound 24 was found most active (MIC 0.1 µg) in comparison to control ampicillin (MIC 1.25 µg). In case of antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds (2024), compound (23) has expressed maximum in ovo antiviral potency against all four viruses (AIVH9N2, NDV, IBDV and IBV) with IC50 (0.001 µM). In case of synthesis of oxepines (38, 38´, 43 and 43´), a multi-step strategy (9 steps) is developed starting from 1-indanone anf finally the more polar compound 38 was dyrolysed to compound (40) to avail above mentioned compounds in respectable overall yield (0.39%).