تأثير الفقر على حياة الشاعر الجاهلي: دراسة تحليلية

There is no doubt that poverty is one of the major phenomenon which destroys the entity of the human society and it is also one of the obstacles that prevents the ability and talent of humans to create and innovate in a suitable environment, it also causes the ignorance, mental and social tension, and it also desists human being to strengthen his family ties and make well settled position in the society, it affects adversely the life and mind of humans and forced him to commit crimes and violations in the society. We see that this phenomenon has affected the life of pre-Islamic poet and compelled him on raiding and robbery, so in this article we have tried to highlight the impact of poverty on the life of pre-Islamic poet.

Assessment of Health Status of Captive Pheasants Through Blood Profiling and Fecal Parasite Analysis in the Punjab Province

The present study was designed to evaluate the assessment of health status through blood profiling and fecal parasite analysis in three species of pheasants in captive facilities of Punjab.The total 75 blood and fecal samples were collected to determine hematological parameters and prevalence of parasites. Hematological parameters including Total Red Blood Cell Count, Hemoglobin, Packed cell volume, Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration, Total White Blood Cell Count, Platelets, Granulocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Neutrophils, and Plasma Chemical parametersUrea, ALT, AST, Creatinine, Iron, Total Protein and Albumin were calculated. The comparison of mean value of all the parameters among male and female in silver pheasants showed that HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Urea, AST, Iron and Total protein was differ highly significantly (P<0.01) and RBCs and creatinine was significantly (P<0.05). In male and female ring necked pheasants RBCs, HGB, MCH, Neut, Urea and Iron was differ highly significantly (P<0.01) and HCT, MCHC, PLT, AST and creatinine was significantly (P<0.05). In male and female green pheasants MCHC and ALT was differ highly significantly (P<0.01) and GRAN, Neut and creatinine was significantly (P<0.05), and all the other parameters in male and female of three species of pheasants were differ non-significantly (P>0.05). The prevalence of endoparasite in all three species was ranged from 36%-56%. The highest prevalence recorded in ring-necked pheasants 56%, followed by silver pheasants 44% and green pheasants 36%. The overall prevalence of endoparasites was 45.3%. The prevalence of endoparasite among all the nine different facilities differ highly significant (P<0.01) and its range from 0-83.3%. The comparison between male and female parasites of all three species shows that females were (48.8%) more infected as compared to male (40%). The total five species of endoparasites in all pheasants were recorded i.e. Ascradia galli (28%), Capillaria annulate (38.2%), Heterakis gallinarum (47%), Strongyloides avium (17.6%) and Eimeria sp (20%). The present study provides base line value of hematology and plasma chemistry of apparently healthy pheasants in captivity and can be used as reference values to improve the management practices of these species. The high prevalence of parasites needs to be re-evaluated to assess efficacy and possible nematodicide resistance of these parasites.