Present project was designed to develop protein and dietary fiber enriched nutrient dense extruded snacks. Fortified extruded snacks were developed and characterize for physiochemical and nutrient potential. Piece density (0.30±0.0011 to 0.44±0.0021g/cm3), true density (0.60±0.003 to 0.77±0.001g/cm3), bulk density (0.16±0.002 to 0.23±0.0002g/cm3) and porosity (0.25±0.0042 to 0.50±0.0012) decreased with increasing level of chickpea and soy flour supplementation. The analysis of color resulted in dull color products with increased supplementation levels.Extruded snacks supplemented with 40g/100g of soy has the best nutrient profile with protein (171.9%), ash (56%) and fiber (106%) than the non-supplemented corn snack. These snacks can fulfill significant amount of % daily requirement of iron (115-127%), zinc (77-82%), vitamin A (90-100%), and vitamin C (45-50%). Highest levels of essential as well as non-essential amino acids were observed in soy supplemented snacks followed by chickpea and then non-supplemented snack. Highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber was observed in 40 g/100 g of soy flour supplemented snacks (18.44±0.34, 10.65±0.13 and 7.76±0.38 %). Texture analysis showed that hardness (51.2±7.02 to 133.2±10.64N), cohesiveness (0.19±0.086 to 0.45±0.025) and chewiness (0.60±0.129 to 1.02±0.162) increased while crispiness decreased (7.39±0.46 to 9.65±0.60) with increasing supplementation levels. Sensory panelists gave highest acceptance to the snack supplemented with 15:15 g/100 g of soy and chickpea. Selected snacks were analyzed for their effect on the growth and blood biochemistry of school going children. Maximum height gain (1.1 cm) was observed in the children fed on 30 g/100 g of the soy supplemented snacks. Similarly, maximum improvement for serum ferritin (13.56%), Hb (18.69%), RBC (16.85%), PCV (18.39%), MCV (13.55%), MCH (10.48%) and MCHC (12.59%) was also observed in the same group whereas, maximum improvement for serum zinc (13.33%) and weight gain (1.25 kg) was observed in the children fed on 30 g/100 g of the chickpea supplemented snacks. Test for the Serum electrolyte i.e. sodium, chloride and potassium remained under the established limits. Similarly, renal and liver function test also showed no toxic effects of snacks consumption. In the light of these results. Nutrition bars were made with supercritical fluid extruded rice-soy crisps and natural binders for suitable delivery of protein and micronutrients. 100g of nutrition bar can fulfill more than 60% of the daily value requirements of all vitamins and 27% of the protein requirement.
’’لے سانس بھی آہستہ‘‘مشرف ذوقی کا اکیسویں صدی میں لکھا گیا ایک بہت بڑا ناول ہے جو حلال و حرام کی تمیز، جائز و ناجائز کو ایک الگ نظرسے دیکھتے ہوئے ایک الگ مقام پر لے جاتا ہے۔اس ناول کو پڑھتے ہوئے قاری نفسیاتی الجھن کا شکار ہو جاتا ہے۔کیونکہ اس میں کچھ ایسی باتوں کو جو معاشرے میں کبھی بھی گفتگو کا درجہ حاصل نہیں کرتیں اور پس پردہ سر اٹھا کر دم توڑ دیتی ہیں، وجود ختم ہو جاتا ہے اور خلش باقی رہ جاتی ہے اور اسی خلش کو انسان اپنے اندر دبائے خود بھی دنیا سے رخصت ہو جاتا ہے۔ان باتوں کو اسے قلم بند کرنا کافی مشکل رہا ہو گا کہ کس طرح ایک مہذب انسان اخلاقیات کی دیوار کو گرا دیتاہے اور تمام تر حدوں کو پس پشت ڈال کر رستہ تبدیل کرنے پر مجبور ہو جاتا ہے۔ مشرف ذوقی کے ناول میں ایک الگ ہی دنیا آباد ہے۔جہاں تہذیب ختم ہو رہی ہے یا اس کا انداز بدل رہا ہے اور دنیا میں کیا کیا مسائل ابھر رہے ہیں وہاں مصنف نے اس المیہ کو واضح کیا ہے کہ انسان جتنی بھی ترقی کرلے بے شک ترقی کی جدوجہد کو پار کرتا ہوا زندگی کی ہر خواہش کو پورا کر لے پھر بھی وہ اپنے اندر کے جانور کو ختم نہیں کر سکتا۔بات یہاں یہ سامنے آتی ہے کہ کیسی ترقی، کس کی ، کہاں کی ترقی، جب انسان اپنے اندر کا جانور ہی ختم نہیں کر پایا۔مصنف نفسیات کی اہمیت پر زور دیتے ہوئے نظر آتا ہے اور بتاتا ہے کہ ایک فکشن نگار تب تک ایک اچھا فکشن قطعی تخلیق نہیں کر سکتا جب تک وہ انسان کی سائیکی پرگرفت نہ کر لے۔ انسان کے سماجی روابط اورنفسیات کا...
Mirza Bedil is a famous and well renowned poet of his era and after his era. His poetry has very poetically and lyrically characteristics, thoughts of his poetry also influenced on Urdu and Persian language. Even big poets of Urdu and Persian Ghalib and Iqbal inspired by Bedil’s poetry style and thoughts. Bedil’s poetry has many ethically manners, mystically thoughts, secrets of life and also thoughts of life’s movement to forward. In this article must present the ethically and good manners aspects of Bedil’s poetry, according to life, mystic, God, earth and other aspects of daily life.
In Sindh, girls' minimum participation in basic education is associated with a number of impeding factors which range from lack of resources to parents' negative attitude towards female education. Many initiatives have been taken for improving female literacy in the country, but no fruitful outcomes have been achieved so far. In the near past, Government of Pakistan started a national Adult Literacy Programme (ALP) in all over the country in order to achieve Education for All (EFA) goals, with an assumption that the ALP might have allowed the participants to revisit their views about female education, the study was designed to explore how these participants of an ALP in district Matiari viewed the need and value of female education, resulting from their firsthand experience of getting education. The study design was guided by qualitative research. The research site was two villages of a union council in district Matiari where people had recently completed their 5-month duration adult literacy course in a national level ALP. The primary participants included 8 participants; 4 males and 4 females from each village, while four teachers of the same centers (2 males and 2 females) participated in the study as secondary participants. The data was generated through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The study found that the ALP had positive influence on the minds of the participants and they had started sending their children (particularly girls) to school. They had started taking interest in getting education themselves and also they viewed it pertinent for their children. The study recommends that the government, with collaboration with private/NGOs, can establish more schools for girls and provide them with basic resources. It may help reduce the dropout ratio and will encourage parents to send their girls to school.