مناهج المؤرخين المعاصرين في كتابة السيرة النبوية: شلبي وشاكر أنموذجا

This paper encompassed the methods of contemporary historians in presenting the Prophet's biography: Shalabī and Shākir as a model. The purpose of this research was a comparative study of the methods of two different contemporary writers in the field of biography. The method used for the research was comparative. This fact was established that there are very few contemporary historians who contributed in writing of the Prophet's biography, but although these two important historians were diligent researchers with good works and successful writings, but much that they have benefited from history needs and objected even settled facts like some of the correct aḥādīth and some important events that took place in the in reference no is there as (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet Great the of biography the books to the sources relied on in the historical narratives, nor in the narration of the biography. There are many shortcomings in the two books which are in the most important Islamic arts, especially in the Encyclopedia of Dr. Shākir, and special research and books should be devoted to the answers to the silence of such shortcomings, and there is a strong need to compose valuable books in response to the shortcomings of such sporadic encyclopedias. Special books in such art must be devoted to the important Islamic arts, and do not include a variety of subjects on general history. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) biography Muhammad s'Prophet the of art the inc

The Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity and Financing Constraints-Evidence from Pakistan

This study investigates the relationship of investment and cash flow in the presence of financial constraints of firms. Dividend, size and age are used as measure of financial constraint for firms and are applied to segregate the whole sample in to constrained and unconstrained firms. The Tobin?s Q, profitability, liquidity, leverage and sales growth are used as control variables. The topic is significant as it has limited research in developing countries as well as in Pakistan. The data for the period from 2004 to 2013 of the non-financial sector?s firms is used which are listed on Karachi stock Exchange. The fixed effect model of panel data is applied for data analysis. The findings reported the existence of relationship between investment and cash flow. It also showed that the investment-cash flow sensitivity is high for financially unconstrained firms and low for financially constrained firms. The results of the study are in line with the findings of Kaplan and Zingales (1997). Hence, it can be stated that the investment-cash flow sensitivity is inversely related to the firms constrained status.