This study was carried out for the (i) development of an inventory of the diseases of equines prevalent in three districts (Faisalabad, Sargodha and Lahore) of Punjab (Pakistan), with special emphasis on the parasitic diseases, and (ii) documentation of traditional veterinary medicine/practices (TVPs) in equines. The study was carried out in three districts (Faisalabad, Sargodha and Lahore) of Punjab-Pakistan. Survey was done with the help of Brooke Hospitals for Animals, Pakistan located at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF)-Pakistan. A total of 450 equine farmers constituted the key respondents for this study. One hundred and fifty respondents represented each of the three districts of Faisalabad, Sargodha and Lahore. Interviews, focused group discussions and field visits were conducted with the respondents. A total of 450 equines including 147 horses, 230 donkeys and 73 mules were subjected to clinical examination, blood examination and necropsy for the documentation of diseases/condition of equines in study area. A total of 53 diseases/conditions were documented in different species of equines in the study area. Internal parasites (32.2%) constituted the major category of ailments followed by wounds (26.9%), bacterial infections (20.4%), lameness (12.9%), miscellaneous (12.7%), gastrointestinal disorders (7.6%), bronchitis/cough (7.3%), allergic dermatitis (7.1%), external parasites (6.2%), colic (5.3%), eye problems (3.1%), hematuria (1.8%) and quidding (1.1%). Horses were most diversely affected (n=47/53) followed by donkeys (n=44/53) and mules (n=24/53). A total of 60 plants and 44 materials other than plants were documented for their use in different diseases/conditions of equines. Maximum number of remedies/prescriptions was documented for the treatment of wounds (n=57) followed by lameness (n=40), bronchitis and colic (n=21), anorexia (n=19), dermatitis (n=16), weakness (n=13), internal parasites (n=12), external parasites (n=11), fever (n=09), heat stress and retention of urine (n=08), swelling and toxemeia (n=07), indigestion (n=06), diarrhea and pain (n=05), haematuria (n=04), quidding (n=03), bad habits, eye problem and tetanus (n=02). Similar trend was seen for the number of TVPs used for different diseases/conditions being highest (n=121) for wounds and the lowest for tetanus (n=02). The number of plants used for different diseases/conditions also varied being maximum for lameness (n=21) followed by anorexia (n=17), wounds (n=16), weakness (n=14), bronchitis (n=12), fever and indigestion (n=11). The maximum number of materials other than plants was used for wounds (n=17) followed by lameness (n=16) and colic (n=12). Allium cepa, Zingiber officinale, Vernonia anthelmintica, Capsicum annum, Brassica campestris, and Trachyspermum ammi were the most diversely used plants. Twenty six of the 44 materials other than plants were used for the treatment of more than one disease/condition. Jaggery, water, common salt, black salt, alum stone and milk were the most diversely and frequently used materials other than plants. It is, recommended that (i) disease prevalence studies should be conducted on larger scale, (ii) documentation work may be expanded to other areas having rich cultural heritage and indigenous knowledge, (ii) all the plants used in TVPs may be subjected to standard scientific procedures for their validation, dose standardization and safety/toxicity studies, (iii) use of materials other than plants be rationalized and (iii) results of the present study should be shared with the equine owners and education/training programs on best equine husbandry practices be carried out.
آہ! مولانا عبدالماجد دریابادی معارف کے زیر نظر شمارہ کی کتابت ہوچکی تھی کہ فخر روزگار، یگانہ وقت، مجاہد العلم، رئیس القلم اور دارالمصنفین کی مجلس ارکان کے صدر نشین مولانا عبدالماجد دریاباری کی رحلت کی اچانک خبر ریڈیو سے سنی تو ع عجب اک سانحہ ہوگیا ہے۔ ان کی زندگی کی شاندار کتاب ختم ہوگئی، جس کا ہر ورق اپنی گوناگوں خوبیوں سے مزین رہا، یہ عاجز راقم گزشتہ ۴۲ سال سے ایک ادنی خورد کی حیثیت سے ان کی بزرگانہ شفقت اور علمی جلالت کے سامنے سرتسلیم خم کرتا رہا، اس مدت میں ان کی زندگی کی جو سرگرمیاں رہیں وہ متحرک تصویروں کی طرح نظروں کے سامنے گھومنے لگیں۔ گل و آئینہ کیا ، خورشید و مہ کیا جدھر دیکھا تدھر تیرا ہی رو تھا کیننگ کالج لکھنؤ سے بی،اے کرنے کے بعد ان کی زندگی کا آغاز الحاد وبے دینی کی وادی کی سیر سے ہوا، مگر یہیں ان کی نظر شعلۂ طور بن کر چمکی، جس کے بعد وہ توحید اور رسالت کے ایسے داعی اور مبلغ بنے کہ سندیافتہ عالم نہ ہونے کے باوجود باوقار عالم تسلیم کیے گئے، اچھے اچھے علماء ان کے سامنے جھکے، کبھی علماء کی مجلس کے سرخیل بھی منتخب ہوئے اور ان کا خاتمہ بالخیر کلام پاک کے مفسر اور شارح کی حیثیت سے ہوا، انھوں نے اردو اور انگریزی میں جو تفسیر لکھی ہے اس میں اسرائیلیات کی فتنہ سامانیاں اور توریت و انجیل کی تحریفات کی شرانگیزیوں کی راز کشائی میں جو دیدہ وری اور نکتہ وری دکھائی ہے اس سے کلام پاک کے مفسروں میں ان کا مقام ہمیشہ نمایاں رہے گا، ان کی یہ تفسیر گنجینہ معارف و تحقیق بھی سمجھی جاتی رہے گی۔ وہ کچھ دنوں تک فلسفی بھی رہے، ان کی ’’فلسفہ جذبات‘‘ اور ’’فلسفہ اجتماع‘‘ ان کی ابتدائی...
Rhetoric is a branch of Arabic sciences through which the literal figuration of the Holy Quran can be defined and understood Many scholar have paid close attention to the literal figuration and emphasized on it in every era to discover and find out the literal and eloquent beauties of the meaning of the words of the holy Quran. In this article we have tried to study and find out the literal figuration : its beauties and impacts on readers of the holy Quran especially in suratul- Anfal surah- altaubah and surah younas
This thesis presents a hardware based testing methodology for speeding up process of verification. With advent of VLSI technology the gate densities on a chip are increasing with rate predicted by Moor’s law. The designers are now mapping complex applications in silicon for enhanced performance and reduced cost. The testing of these designs is becoming more and more challenging. The simulation based testing is very slow and for moderately complex designs takes hours and even days to give decent coverage. The thesis presents novel methodology to test the design by inserting test logic in Hardware. The methodology best works for FPGA based verification. The design is first mapped on FPGA for functional verification. The thesis presents modules that are integrated with the DUTs and monitors the results for correctness. The model also provides white box testing whereby internal working of the design is exploited for exact location of a bug. The methodology also provides assertions based testing and provides coverage analysis of design for a set of test vectors. The thesis gives different examples of circuits that are tested using the proposed methodology. In-silicon White box verification with checkers and monitors holds a great potential in keeping pace with the rapid growth in VLSI technology. The basic idea of our proposed methodology can be termed as a hardware (tester circuitry) testing another hardware (Design under Test). The concept of an embedded layer of re-configurable/removable testing circuit or agent within the hardware of the DUT is proposed and experimented. Starting from simple combinational and sequential circuits to RISC processor and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer found in the IEEE 802.11e standard are tested through this methodology. Two main advantages have been observed: 1) The proposed methodology is found well suited for finding the root causes of the errors in the design under real time. 2) A considerable time saving is observed. The design which takes days in testing with simulation runs, gives equivalent results in minutes when it is run on FPGA prototype along with embedded test agent proposed in this thesis. When device is fully tested and ready for fabrication, this additional tester circuitry can be removed.